اختبارات نماذج ستيب الأكثر تكرارًا | القراءة

Passage 1 : Travel and Tourism

1) In the year 2000, people spent $3.2 trillion dollars on travel. In 2005, they spent $3.4 trillion. In 2016, they will probably spend about $4.2 trillion. What is the most popular country that people go to? France is the most popular: 62.4 million people went to France in 2006. The United States is the second most popular country to visit: 46.3 million people went there in 2006.Spain was third, with 41.3 million visitors. Italy and Britain came next, and China was sixth.
2) Who travels? Europeans and some Asians travel to other countries the most. But Americans spend the most money in other countries. In 2006, Americans spent 52.6 billion in other countries. Germans were next: they spent $49.8 billion in other countries. Japanese were third: they spent $37.0 billion.
3) Where do the big spenders go? In 2006, Americans went mostly to Mexico 206) and Canada 136), but they also went to Europe and the Caribbean. Germans went mostly to other countries in Europe, but about 26 of them came to the United States. Japanese recycling travelers went all over the world: The United States, Europe, and Asia.
4) Why do people travel so much? Some people want to learn about other cultures business immigrants. They travel to their home countries to visit. Some people travel to the United States. many people are their families.

How much did people spend on travel in 2005?

Passage 1 : Travel and Tourism

1) In the year 2000, people spent $3.2 trillion dollars on travel. In 2005, they spent $3.4 trillion. In 2016, they will probably spend about $4.2 trillion. What is the most popular country that people go to? France is the most popular: 62.4 million people went to France in 2006. The United States is the second most popular country to visit: 46.3 million people went there in 2006.Spain was third, with 41.3 million visitors. Italy and Britain came next, and China was sixth.
2) Who travels? Europeans and some Asians travel to other countries the most. But Americans spend the most money in other countries. In 2006, Americans spent 52.6 billion in other countries. Germans were next: they spent $49.8 billion in other countries. Japanese were third: they spent $37.0 billion.
3) Where do the big spenders go? In 2006, Americans went mostly to Mexico 206) and Canada 136), but they also went to Europe and the Caribbean. Germans went mostly to other countries in Europe, but about 26 of them came to the United States. Japanese recycling travelers went all over the world: The United States, Europe, and Asia.
4) Why do people travel so much? Some people want to learn about other cultures business immigrants. They travel to their home countries to visit. Some people travel to the United States. many people are their families.

The third most popular country people visit is……

Passage 1 : Travel and Tourism

1) In the year 2000, people spent $3.2 trillion dollars on travel. In 2005, they spent $3.4 trillion. In 2016, they will probably spend about $4.2 trillion. What is the most popular country that people go to? France is the most popular: 62.4 million people went to France in 2006. The United States is the second most popular country to visit: 46.3 million people went there in 2006.Spain was third, with 41.3 million visitors. Italy and Britain came next, and China was sixth.
2) Who travels? Europeans and some Asians travel to other countries the most. But Americans spend the most money in other countries. In 2006, Americans spent 52.6 billion in other countries. Germans were next: they spent $49.8 billion in other countries. Japanese were third: they spent $37.0 billion.
3) Where do the big spenders go? In 2006, Americans went mostly to Mexico 206) and Canada 136), but they also went to Europe and the Caribbean. Germans went mostly to other countries in Europe, but about 26 of them came to the United States. Japanese recycling travelers went all over the world: The United States, Europe, and Asia.
4) Why do people travel so much? Some people want to learn about other cultures business immigrants. They travel to their home countries to visit. Some people travel to the United States. many people are their families.

Who spends the most money on trips?

Passage 1 : Travel and Tourism

1) In the year 2000, people spent $3.2 trillion dollars on travel. In 2005, they spent $3.4 trillion. In 2016, they will probably spend about $4.2 trillion. What is the most popular country that people go to? France is the most popular: 62.4 million people went to France in 2006. The United States is the second most popular country to visit: 46.3 million people went there in 2006.Spain was third, with 41.3 million visitors. Italy and Britain came next, and China was sixth.
2) Who travels? Europeans and some Asians travel to other countries the most. But Americans spend the most money in other countries. In 2006, Americans spent 52.6 billion in other countries. Germans were next: they spent $49.8 billion in other countries. Japanese were third: they spent $37.0 billion.
3) Where do the big spenders go? In 2006, Americans went mostly to Mexico 206) and Canada 136), but they also went to Europe and the Caribbean. Germans went mostly to other countries in Europe, but about 26 of them came to the United States. Japanese recycling travelers went all over the world: The United States, Europe, and Asia.
4) Why do people travel so much? Some people want to learn about other cultures business immigrants. They travel to their home countries to visit. Some people travel to the United States. many people are their families.

To what country do Americans travel the most?

Passage 1 : Travel and Tourism

1) In the year 2000, people spent $3.2 trillion dollars on travel. In 2005, they spent $3.4 trillion. In 2016, they will probably spend about $4.2 trillion. What is the most popular country that people go to? France is the most popular: 62.4 million people went to France in 2006. The United States is the second most popular country to visit: 46.3 million people went there in 2006.Spain was third, with 41.3 million visitors. Italy and Britain came next, and China was sixth.
2) Who travels? Europeans and some Asians travel to other countries the most. But Americans spend the most money in other countries. In 2006, Americans spent 52.6 billion in other countries. Germans were next: they spent $49.8 billion in other countries. Japanese were third: they spent $37.0 billion.
3) Where do the big spenders go? In 2006, Americans went mostly to Mexico 206) and Canada 136), but they also went to Europe and the Caribbean. Germans went mostly to other countries in Europe, but about 26 of them came to the United States. Japanese recycling travelers went all over the world: The United States, Europe, and Asia.
4) Why do people travel so much? Some people want to learn about other cultures business immigrants. They travel to their home countries to visit. Some people travel to the United States. many people are their families.

Germans like to visit the most. .......

Passage 1 : Travel and Tourism

1) In the year 2000, people spent $3.2 trillion dollars on travel. In 2005, they spent $3.4 trillion. In 2016, they will probably spend about $4.2 trillion. What is the most popular country that people go to? France is the most popular: 62.4 million people went to France in 2006. The United States is the second most popular country to visit: 46.3 million people went there in 2006.Spain was third, with 41.3 million visitors. Italy and Britain came next, and China was sixth.
2) Who travels? Europeans and some Asians travel to other countries the most. But Americans spend the most money in other countries. In 2006, Americans spent 52.6 billion in other countries. Germans were next: they spent $49.8 billion in other countries. Japanese were third: they spent $37.0 billion.
3) Where do the big spenders go? In 2006, Americans went mostly to Mexico 206) and Canada 136), but they also went to Europe and the Caribbean. Germans went mostly to other countries in Europe, but about 26 of them came to the United States. Japanese recycling travelers went all over the world: The United States, Europe, and Asia.
4) Why do people travel so much? Some people want to learn about other cultures business immigrants. They travel to their home countries to visit. Some people travel to the United States. many people are their families.

Who travel more than other people?

Passage 2 : Gardening Job

LANDSCAPE GARDENING
For residential gardens only
Planting, design, irrigation, innovation. Call
4531122
Weekdays only, after 7 PM Min. SR 50 per hour

This gardener wants to work at………

Passage 2 : Gardening Job

LANDSCAPE GARDENING
For residential gardens only
Planting, design, irrigation, innovation. Call
4531122
Weekdays only, after 7 PM Min. SR 50 per hour

When can the gardener be contacted?

Passage 3 : Captain Perry Reese

1) Piri Reis was a great commander in the Ottoman Turkish navy. He is best known, however, as the author of a famous book on navigation The Science of Ships and Sea Travel. His world maps are even more famous, and he is recognized today for his important contributions to geography
2) In 1525, he presented a copy of his book, Kitab-Al-Bahrye to Sultan Suleiman, the Turkish ruler. It gives detailed information on navigation and contains charts describing in great detail the important ports and cities of the Mediterranean Sea.
3) Although he was not an explorer like Christopher Columbus, Piri was an expert cartographer. He used a map of Columbus, as well as other older Arab, Chinese, Indian, Spanish and Greek maps, to create the most accurate map of the known world of that time. A small part of one of Piri's first world maps was discovered in 1929 at the Topkapi
Palace in Istanbul. It was drawn in 1513 on gazelle skin. Copies of Piri's book and maps can be found in many libraries and museums around the world. including the Topkapi Palace, the British Museum in London, and the National Library of France in Paris.

What is the book of Piri Reis about?

Passage 3 : Captain Perry Reese

1) Piri Reis was a great commander in the Ottoman Turkish navy. He is best known, however, as the author of a famous book on navigation The Science of Ships and Sea Travel. His world maps are even more famous, and he is recognized today for his important contributions to geography
2) In 1525, he presented a copy of his book, Kitab-Al-Bahrye to Sultan Suleiman, the Turkish ruler. It gives detailed information on navigation and contains charts describing in great detail the important ports and cities of the Mediterranean Sea.
3) Although he was not an explorer like Christopher Columbus, Piri was an expert cartographer. He used a map of Columbus, as well as other older Arab, Chinese, Indian, Spanish and Greek maps, to create the most accurate map of the known world of that time. A small part of one of Piri's first world maps was discovered in 1929 at the Topkapi
Palace in Istanbul. It was drawn in 1513 on gazelle skin. Copies of Piri's book and maps can be found in many libraries and museums around the world. including the Topkapi Palace, the British Museum in London, and the National Library of France in Paris.

 In which fields did Piri Reis contribute to knowledge?

Passage 3 : Captain Perry Reese

1) Piri Reis was a great commander in the Ottoman Turkish navy. He is best known, however, as the author of a famous book on navigation The Science of Ships and Sea Travel. His world maps are even more famous, and he is recognized today for his important contributions to geography
2) In 1525, he presented a copy of his book, Kitab-Al-Bahrye to Sultan Suleiman, the Turkish ruler. It gives detailed information on navigation and contains charts describing in great detail the important ports and cities of the Mediterranean Sea.
3) Although he was not an explorer like Christopher Columbus, Piri was an expert cartographer. He used a map of Columbus, as well as other older Arab, Chinese, Indian, Spanish and Greek maps, to create the most accurate map of the known world of that time. A small part of one of Piri's first world maps was discovered in 1929 at the Topkapi
Palace in Istanbul. It was drawn in 1513 on gazelle skin. Copies of Piri's book and maps can be found in many libraries and museums around the world. including the Topkapi Palace, the British Museum in London, and the National Library of France in Paris.

When did Piri Reis give a copy of Kitab-Al- Bahriye to Sultan Suleiman?

Passage 3 : Captain Perry Reese

1) Piri Reis was a great commander in the Ottoman Turkish navy. He is best known, however, as the author of a famous book on navigation The Science of Ships and Sea Travel. His world maps are even more famous, and he is recognized today for his important contributions to geography
2) In 1525, he presented a copy of his book, Kitab-Al-Bahrye to Sultan Suleiman, the Turkish ruler. It gives detailed information on navigation and contains charts describing in great detail the important ports and cities of the Mediterranean Sea.
3) Although he was not an explorer like Christopher Columbus, Piri was an expert cartographer. He used a map of Columbus, as well as other older Arab, Chinese, Indian, Spanish and Greek maps, to create the most accurate map of the known world of that time. A small part of one of Piri's first world maps was discovered in 1929 at the Topkapi
Palace in Istanbul. It was drawn in 1513 on gazelle skin. Copies of Piri's book and maps can be found in many libraries and museums around the world. including the Topkapi Palace, the British Museum in London, and the National Library of France in Paris.

The word cartographer in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to… .......... ship maker

Passage 4 : Air Flight

An Air India flight bound for New Delhi with 130 people onboard made an emergency landing in southern Pakistan last week due to technical problems, aviation officials said. The Airbus A320 from Abu Dhabi made the unscheduled stop at Nawabshah airport, around 230 kilometers northeast of the port city of Karachi, Pakistan.

 The flight was going to…………

Passage 4 : Air Flight

An Air India flight bound for New Delhi with 130 people onboard made an emergency landing in southern Pakistan last week due to technical problems, aviation officials said. The Airbus A320 from Abu Dhabi made the unscheduled stop at Nawabshah airport, around 230 kilometers northeast of the port city of Karachi, Pakistan.

The word unscheduled in the passage is closest in meaning to………

Passage 5 : A promotional advertisement for an airline

No matter whether you're travelling for work or pleasure, wouldn't you value the option to tailor your journey in accordance with your personal preferences and requirements? That's exact why we developed our Red Services: a range of highly practical extra services that you can book along with your flight, as and when you need them.

Which method of travel does the passage talk about?

Passage 5 : A promotional advertisement for an airline

No matter whether you're travelling for work or pleasure, wouldn't you value the option to tailor your journey in accordance with your personal preferences and requirements? That's exact why we developed our Red Services: a range of highly practical extra services that you can book along with your flight, as and when you need them.

What does the passage give information about?

Passage 6 : Matryoshka dolls

1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed one inside the other, The word a diminutive form of the Russian female first name 3 “atryoshka”, "Matryona". The first doll set in Russia was carved in 1890 by VasilyZvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long traditional Russian dress.
2) A set of matryoshkas consists of a wooden figure which separates, top from bottom, to reveal a smaller figure of the same sort inside, which has, in turn, another figure inside of it, and so on. The number of nested figures is traditionally not less than five, but can be much more, up to several dozen with sufficiently fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the original set, for instance, had an even number. The form is approximately cylindrical, with a rounded to be for the head, tapering toward the bottom.
3) It is believed Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired as no protruding features by a doll from Honshu, the main island of Japan. Sources differ in their descriptions, describing either a round, hollow doll or a nesting doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk.
4) Zvyozdochkin's creations were first presented at the Exposition Universal in the year 1900 in Paris, where the toy earned a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were being made in several places in Russia and shipped around the world including to Europe, Asia and America.
5) Matryoshka dolls are often designed to follow a particular theme, and during Perestroika, the leaders of the Soviet Union became a common theme of matryoshkas. In one such example, the largest, outside figure was that of Mikhail Gorbachev, followed by Leonid Brezhnev Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chemenko almost never appear due to the short length of them of their respective terms), Nikita Khushchev, Joseph Stalin and finally the smallest, Vladimir Lenin.

The best title for this passage is………........

Passage 6 : Matryoshka dolls

1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed one inside the other, The word a diminutive form of the Russian female first name 3 “atryoshka”, "Matryona". The first doll set in Russia was carved in 1890 by VasilyZvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long traditional Russian dress.
2) A set of matryoshkas consists of a wooden figure which separates, top from bottom, to reveal a smaller figure of the same sort inside, which has, in turn, another figure inside of it, and so on. The number of nested figures is traditionally not less than five, but can be much more, up to several dozen with sufficiently fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the original set, for instance, had an even number. The form is approximately cylindrical, with a rounded to be for the head, tapering toward the bottom.
3) It is believed Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired as no protruding features by a doll from Honshu, the main island of Japan. Sources differ in their descriptions, describing either a round, hollow doll or a nesting doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk.
4) Zvyozdochkin's creations were first presented at the Exposition Universal in the year 1900 in Paris, where the toy earned a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were being made in several places in Russia and shipped around the world including to Europe, Asia and America.
5) Matryoshka dolls are often designed to follow a particular theme, and during Perestroika, the leaders of the Soviet Union became a common theme of matryoshkas. In one such example, the largest, outside figure was that of Mikhail Gorbachev, followed by Leonid Brezhnev Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chemenko almost never appear due to the short length of them of their respective terms), Nikita Khushchev, Joseph Stalin and finally the smallest, Vladimir Lenin.

The purpose of Paragraph 1) is to………

Passage 6 : Matryoshka dolls

1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed one inside the other, The word a diminutive form of the Russian female first name 3 “atryoshka”, "Matryona". The first doll set in Russia was carved in 1890 by VasilyZvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long traditional Russian dress.
2) A set of matryoshkas consists of a wooden figure which separates, top from bottom, to reveal a smaller figure of the same sort inside, which has, in turn, another figure inside of it, and so on. The number of nested figures is traditionally not less than five, but can be much more, up to several dozen with sufficiently fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the original set, for instance, had an even number. The form is approximately cylindrical, with a rounded to be for the head, tapering toward the bottom.
3) It is believed Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired as no protruding features by a doll from Honshu, the main island of Japan. Sources differ in their descriptions, describing either a round, hollow doll or a nesting doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk.
4) Zvyozdochkin's creations were first presented at the Exposition Universal in the year 1900 in Paris, where the toy earned a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were being made in several places in Russia and shipped around the world including to Europe, Asia and America.
5) Matryoshka dolls are often designed to follow a particular theme, and during Perestroika, the leaders of the Soviet Union became a common theme of matryoshkas. In one such example, the largest, outside figure was that of Mikhail Gorbachev, followed by Leonid Brezhnev Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chemenko almost never appear due to the short length of them of their respective terms), Nikita Khushchev, Joseph Stalin and finally the smallest, Vladimir Lenin.

The word carved in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ………

Passage 6 : Matryoshka dolls

1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed one inside the other, The word a diminutive form of the Russian female first name 3 “atryoshka”, "Matryona". The first doll set in Russia was carved in 1890 by VasilyZvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long traditional Russian dress.
2) A set of matryoshkas consists of a wooden figure which separates, top from bottom, to reveal a smaller figure of the same sort inside, which has, in turn, another figure inside of it, and so on. The number of nested figures is traditionally not less than five, but can be much more, up to several dozen with sufficiently fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the original set, for instance, had an even number. The form is approximately cylindrical, with a rounded to be for the head, tapering toward the bottom.
3) It is believed Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired as no protruding features by a doll from Honshu, the main island of Japan. Sources differ in their descriptions, describing either a round, hollow doll or a nesting doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk.
4) Zvyozdochkin's creations were first presented at the Exposition Universal in the year 1900 in Paris, where the toy earned a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were being made in several places in Russia and shipped around the world including to Europe, Asia and America.
5) Matryoshka dolls are often designed to follow a particular theme, and during Perestroika, the leaders of the Soviet Union became a common theme of matryoshkas. In one such example, the largest, outside figure was that of Mikhail Gorbachev, followed by Leonid Brezhnev Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chemenko almost never appear due to the short length of them of their respective terms), Nikita Khushchev, Joseph Stalin and finally the smallest, Vladimir Lenin.

According to Paragraph 2), what is required for a set to have a large number of nesting dolls?

Passage 6 : Matryoshka dolls

1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed one inside the other, The word a diminutive form of the Russian female first name 3 “atryoshka”, "Matryona". The first doll set in Russia was carved in 1890 by VasilyZvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long traditional Russian dress.
2) A set of matryoshkas consists of a wooden figure which separates, top from bottom, to reveal a smaller figure of the same sort inside, which has, in turn, another figure inside of it, and so on. The number of nested figures is traditionally not less than five, but can be much more, up to several dozen with sufficiently fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the original set, for instance, had an even number. The form is approximately cylindrical, with a rounded to be for the head, tapering toward the bottom.
3) It is believed Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired as no protruding features by a doll from Honshu, the main island of Japan. Sources differ in their descriptions, describing either a round, hollow doll or a nesting doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk.
4) Zvyozdochkin's creations were first presented at the Exposition Universal in the year 1900 in Paris, where the toy earned a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were being made in several places in Russia and shipped around the world including to Europe, Asia and America.
5) Matryoshka dolls are often designed to follow a particular theme, and during Perestroika, the leaders of the Soviet Union became a common theme of matryoshkas. In one such example, the largest, outside figure was that of Mikhail Gorbachev, followed by Leonid Brezhnev Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chemenko almost never appear due to the short length of them of their respective terms), Nikita Khushchev, Joseph Stalin and finally the smallest, Vladimir Lenin.

The word this in Paragraph 2) refers to… ............... modem dolls

Passage 6 : Matryoshka dolls

1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed one inside the other, The word a diminutive form of the Russian female first name 3 “atryoshka”, "Matryona". The first doll set in Russia was carved in 1890 by VasilyZvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long traditional Russian dress.
2) A set of matryoshkas consists of a wooden figure which separates, top from bottom, to reveal a smaller figure of the same sort inside, which has, in turn, another figure inside of it, and so on. The number of nested figures is traditionally not less than five, but can be much more, up to several dozen with sufficiently fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the original set, for instance, had an even number. The form is approximately cylindrical, with a rounded to be for the head, tapering toward the bottom.
3) It is believed Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired as no protruding features by a doll from Honshu, the main island of Japan. Sources differ in their descriptions, describing either a round, hollow doll or a nesting doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk.
4) Zvyozdochkin's creations were first presented at the Exposition Universal in the year 1900 in Paris, where the toy earned a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were being made in several places in Russia and shipped around the world including to Europe, Asia and America.
5) Matryoshka dolls are often designed to follow a particular theme, and during Perestroika, the leaders of the Soviet Union became a common theme of matryoshkas. In one such example, the largest, outside figure was that of Mikhail Gorbachev, followed by Leonid Brezhnev Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chemenko almost never appear due to the short length of them of their respective terms), Nikita Khushchev, Joseph Stalin and finally the smallest, Vladimir Lenin.

 According to Paragraph 3), the idea of nesting dolls most likely started in………

Passage 6 : Matryoshka dolls

1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed one inside the other, The word a diminutive form of the Russian female first name 3 “atryoshka”, "Matryona". The first doll set in Russia was carved in 1890 by VasilyZvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long traditional Russian dress.
2) A set of matryoshkas consists of a wooden figure which separates, top from bottom, to reveal a smaller figure of the same sort inside, which has, in turn, another figure inside of it, and so on. The number of nested figures is traditionally not less than five, but can be much more, up to several dozen with sufficiently fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the original set, for instance, had an even number. The form is approximately cylindrical, with a rounded to be for the head, tapering toward the bottom.
3) It is believed Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired as no protruding features by a doll from Honshu, the main island of Japan. Sources differ in their descriptions, describing either a round, hollow doll or a nesting doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk.
4) Zvyozdochkin's creations were first presented at the Exposition Universal in the year 1900 in Paris, where the toy earned a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were being made in several places in Russia and shipped around the world including to Europe, Asia and America.
5) Matryoshka dolls are often designed to follow a particular theme, and during Perestroika, the leaders of the Soviet Union became a common theme of matryoshkas. In one such example, the largest, outside figure was that of Mikhail Gorbachev, followed by Leonid Brezhnev Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chemenko almost never appear due to the short length of them of their respective terms), Nikita Khushchev, Joseph Stalin and finally the smallest, Vladimir Lenin.

According to Paragraph 5), some rulers are excluded from being made into dolls because they ……

Passage 7 : Air pollution

Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows us that indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona, USA. This led them to conclude that indoor air quality can be five times worse than outdoor air. Offices, factories and other places of work can be just as polluted as homes, maybe more so. In today's society most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. We seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs. Equipment and buildings themselves, give off an increasing amount of synthetic manmade) chemicals and gases. There is inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all these harmful elements are kept inside. This condition is known as "sick building syndrome" furnishings in buildings, and the When condition is known as "sick building” syndrome. The sources of indoor air pollution can be easily pollen, identified. Air pollutants fall into three main categories: biological particles mold, bacteria, viruses, pollen, etc.). non-biological particles smoke, dust, heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, etc.), and gases carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon, etc.). In homes, there are four major sources of these pollutants: pressed wood products, carpets, paints, and furniture. Addition, the indoor air space of offices is full of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by photocopiers, computers and other equipment. Dangerous pollutants can also be found in air-conditioned rooms in summer and rooms heated by coal or wood fires in winter. The kitchen is another place where the air may contain harmful gases from cooking stoves and non-stick Teflon) cooking pans. Poor indoor air quality can cause a number of health problems. These include asthma, allergies, headaches, memory loss and fatigue tiredness). Eye and irritations can also result from bad indoor air. People who spend a lot of time indoors away from fresh air skin may suffer more from sore throats, colds and flu as well. The more serious long-term effects of breathing toxic airborne particles include heart and respiratory diseases in addition to different kinds of cancer. There are a number of ways to improve our indoor air very simple and make our buildings healthier. One very simple solution is to get some houseplants. In India, people are already using plants to take the place of air filters. One business center in New Delhi has successfully used this method for fifteen years. For a building with 30 people, they used over 1,200 plants to clean the air. There are other things we can do in our homes. Open a few windows every day for five or ten minutes to change the air and do not allow smoking inside. Do not use non-stick cookware. Do not use synthetic materials for carpets and buy real wood furniture. Use natural materials such as cotton and wool for curtains and bedding. Do not use toxic cleaning materials or paints in your home. Finally, be sure to keep heating stoves and air conditioners in good repair and clean them often.

Which paragraph discusses the origins of indoor air Pollution?

Passage 7 : Air pollution

Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows us that indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona, USA. This led them to conclude that indoor air quality can be five times worse than outdoor air. Offices, factories and other places of work can be just as polluted as homes, maybe more so. In today's society most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. We seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs. Equipment and buildings themselves, give off an increasing amount of synthetic manmade) chemicals and gases. There is inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all these harmful elements are kept inside. This condition is known as "sick building syndrome" furnishings in buildings, and the When condition is known as "sick building” syndrome. The sources of indoor air pollution can be easily pollen, identified. Air pollutants fall into three main categories: biological particles mold, bacteria, viruses, pollen, etc.). non-biological particles smoke, dust, heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, etc.), and gases carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon, etc.). In homes, there are four major sources of these pollutants: pressed wood products, carpets, paints, and furniture. Addition, the indoor air space of offices is full of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by photocopiers, computers and other equipment. Dangerous pollutants can also be found in air-conditioned rooms in summer and rooms heated by coal or wood fires in winter. The kitchen is another place where the air may contain harmful gases from cooking stoves and non-stick Teflon) cooking pans. Poor indoor air quality can cause a number of health problems. These include asthma, allergies, headaches, memory loss and fatigue tiredness). Eye and irritations can also result from bad indoor air. People who spend a lot of time indoors away from fresh air skin may suffer more from sore throats, colds and flu as well. The more serious long-term effects of breathing toxic airborne particles include heart and respiratory diseases in addition to different kinds of cancer. There are a number of ways to improve our indoor air very simple and make our buildings healthier. One very simple solution is to get some houseplants. In India, people are already using plants to take the place of air filters. One business center in New Delhi has successfully used this method for fifteen years. For a building with 30 people, they used over 1,200 plants to clean the air. There are other things we can do in our homes. Open a few windows every day for five or ten minutes to change the air and do not allow smoking inside. Do not use non-stick cookware. Do not use synthetic materials for carpets and buy real wood furniture. Use natural materials such as cotton and wool for curtains and bedding. Do not use toxic cleaning materials or paints in your home. Finally, be sure to keep heating stoves and air conditioners in good repair and clean them often.

What is the main idea of Paragraph 1)?

Passage 7 : Air pollution

Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows us that indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona, USA. This led them to conclude that indoor air quality can be five times worse than outdoor air. Offices, factories and other places of work can be just as polluted as homes, maybe more so. In today's society most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. We seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs. Equipment and buildings themselves, give off an increasing amount of synthetic manmade) chemicals and gases. There is inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all these harmful elements are kept inside. This condition is known as "sick building syndrome" furnishings in buildings, and the When condition is known as "sick building” syndrome. The sources of indoor air pollution can be easily pollen, identified. Air pollutants fall into three main categories: biological particles mold, bacteria, viruses, pollen, etc.). non-biological particles smoke, dust, heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, etc.), and gases carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon, etc.). In homes, there are four major sources of these pollutants: pressed wood products, carpets, paints, and furniture. Addition, the indoor air space of offices is full of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by photocopiers, computers and other equipment. Dangerous pollutants can also be found in air-conditioned rooms in summer and rooms heated by coal or wood fires in winter. The kitchen is another place where the air may contain harmful gases from cooking stoves and non-stick Teflon) cooking pans. Poor indoor air quality can cause a number of health problems. These include asthma, allergies, headaches, memory loss and fatigue tiredness). Eye and irritations can also result from bad indoor air. People who spend a lot of time indoors away from fresh air skin may suffer more from sore throats, colds and flu as well. The more serious long-term effects of breathing toxic airborne particles include heart and respiratory diseases in addition to different kinds of cancer. There are a number of ways to improve our indoor air very simple and make our buildings healthier. One very simple solution is to get some houseplants. In India, people are already using plants to take the place of air filters. One business center in New Delhi has successfully used this method for fifteen years. For a building with 30 people, they used over 1,200 plants to clean the air. There are other things we can do in our homes. Open a few windows every day for five or ten minutes to change the air and do not allow smoking inside. Do not use non-stick cookware. Do not use synthetic materials for carpets and buy real wood furniture. Use natural materials such as cotton and wool for curtains and bedding. Do not use toxic cleaning materials or paints in your home. Finally, be sure to keep heating stoves and air conditioners in good repair and clean them often.

 According to Paragraph 1), in the 2009 study, how many chemicals did the researchers find in the indoor air?

Passage 7 : Air pollution

Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows us that indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona, USA. This led them to conclude that indoor air quality can be five times worse than outdoor air. Offices, factories and other places of work can be just as polluted as homes, maybe more so. In today's society most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. We seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs. Equipment and buildings themselves, give off an increasing amount of synthetic manmade) chemicals and gases. There is inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all these harmful elements are kept inside. This condition is known as "sick building syndrome" furnishings in buildings, and the When condition is known as "sick building” syndrome. The sources of indoor air pollution can be easily pollen, identified. Air pollutants fall into three main categories: biological particles mold, bacteria, viruses, pollen, etc.). non-biological particles smoke, dust, heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, etc.), and gases carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon, etc.). In homes, there are four major sources of these pollutants: pressed wood products, carpets, paints, and furniture. Addition, the indoor air space of offices is full of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by photocopiers, computers and other equipment. Dangerous pollutants can also be found in air-conditioned rooms in summer and rooms heated by coal or wood fires in winter. The kitchen is another place where the air may contain harmful gases from cooking stoves and non-stick Teflon) cooking pans. Poor indoor air quality can cause a number of health problems. These include asthma, allergies, headaches, memory loss and fatigue tiredness). Eye and irritations can also result from bad indoor air. People who spend a lot of time indoors away from fresh air skin may suffer more from sore throats, colds and flu as well. The more serious long-term effects of breathing toxic airborne particles include heart and respiratory diseases in addition to different kinds of cancer. There are a number of ways to improve our indoor air very simple and make our buildings healthier. One very simple solution is to get some houseplants. In India, people are already using plants to take the place of air filters. One business center in New Delhi has successfully used this method for fifteen years. For a building with 30 people, they used over 1,200 plants to clean the air. There are other things we can do in our homes. Open a few windows every day for five or ten minutes to change the air and do not allow smoking inside. Do not use non-stick cookware. Do not use synthetic materials for carpets and buy real wood furniture. Use natural materials such as cotton and wool for curtains and bedding. Do not use toxic cleaning materials or paints in your home. Finally, be sure to keep heating stoves and air conditioners in good repair and clean them often.

 According to Paragraph 2), which of the following are sources of VOCs?

Passage 7 : Air pollution

Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows us that indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona, USA. This led them to conclude that indoor air quality can be five times worse than outdoor air. Offices, factories and other places of work can be just as polluted as homes, maybe more so. In today's society most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. We seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs. Equipment and buildings themselves, give off an increasing amount of synthetic manmade) chemicals and gases. There is inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all these harmful elements are kept inside. This condition is known as "sick building syndrome" furnishings in buildings, and the When condition is known as "sick building” syndrome. The sources of indoor air pollution can be easily pollen, identified. Air pollutants fall into three main categories: biological particles mold, bacteria, viruses, pollen, etc.). non-biological particles smoke, dust, heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, etc.), and gases carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon, etc.). In homes, there are four major sources of these pollutants: pressed wood products, carpets, paints, and furniture. Addition, the indoor air space of offices is full of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by photocopiers, computers and other equipment. Dangerous pollutants can also be found in air-conditioned rooms in summer and rooms heated by coal or wood fires in winter. The kitchen is another place where the air may contain harmful gases from cooking stoves and non-stick Teflon) cooking pans. Poor indoor air quality can cause a number of health problems. These include asthma, allergies, headaches, memory loss and fatigue tiredness). Eye and irritations can also result from bad indoor air. People who spend a lot of time indoors away from fresh air skin may suffer more from sore throats, colds and flu as well. The more serious long-term effects of breathing toxic airborne particles include heart and respiratory diseases in addition to different kinds of cancer. There are a number of ways to improve our indoor air very simple and make our buildings healthier. One very simple solution is to get some houseplants. In India, people are already using plants to take the place of air filters. One business center in New Delhi has successfully used this method for fifteen years. For a building with 30 people, they used over 1,200 plants to clean the air. There are other things we can do in our homes. Open a few windows every day for five or ten minutes to change the air and do not allow smoking inside. Do not use non-stick cookware. Do not use synthetic materials for carpets and buy real wood furniture. Use natural materials such as cotton and wool for curtains and bedding. Do not use toxic cleaning materials or paints in your home. Finally, be sure to keep heating stoves and air conditioners in good repair and clean them often.

 According to Par 4), where are plants being used successfully to keep the air healthy?

Passage 7 : Air pollution

Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows us that indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona, USA. This led them to conclude that indoor air quality can be five times worse than outdoor air. Offices, factories and other places of work can be just as polluted as homes, maybe more so. In today's society most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. We seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs. Equipment and buildings themselves, give off an increasing amount of synthetic manmade) chemicals and gases. There is inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all these harmful elements are kept inside. This condition is known as "sick building syndrome" furnishings in buildings, and the When condition is known as "sick building” syndrome. The sources of indoor air pollution can be easily pollen, identified. Air pollutants fall into three main categories: biological particles mold, bacteria, viruses, pollen, etc.). non-biological particles smoke, dust, heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, etc.), and gases carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon, etc.). In homes, there are four major sources of these pollutants: pressed wood products, carpets, paints, and furniture. Addition, the indoor air space of offices is full of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by photocopiers, computers and other equipment. Dangerous pollutants can also be found in air-conditioned rooms in summer and rooms heated by coal or wood fires in winter. The kitchen is another place where the air may contain harmful gases from cooking stoves and non-stick Teflon) cooking pans. Poor indoor air quality can cause a number of health problems. These include asthma, allergies, headaches, memory loss and fatigue tiredness). Eye and irritations can also result from bad indoor air. People who spend a lot of time indoors away from fresh air skin may suffer more from sore throats, colds and flu as well. The more serious long-term effects of breathing toxic airborne particles include heart and respiratory diseases in addition to different kinds of cancer. There are a number of ways to improve our indoor air very simple and make our buildings healthier. One very simple solution is to get some houseplants. In India, people are already using plants to take the place of air filters. One business center in New Delhi has successfully used this method for fifteen years. For a building with 30 people, they used over 1,200 plants to clean the air. There are other things we can do in our homes. Open a few windows every day for five or ten minutes to change the air and do not allow smoking inside. Do not use non-stick cookware. Do not use synthetic materials for carpets and buy real wood furniture. Use natural materials such as cotton and wool for curtains and bedding. Do not use toxic cleaning materials or paints in your home. Finally, be sure to keep heating stoves and air conditioners in good repair and clean them often.

 Which word in Paragraph 4) is the opposite of synthetic in meaning?

Passage 7 : Air pollution

Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows us that indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona, USA. This led them to conclude that indoor air quality can be five times worse than outdoor air. Offices, factories and other places of work can be just as polluted as homes, maybe more so. In today's society most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. We seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs. Equipment and buildings themselves, give off an increasing amount of synthetic manmade) chemicals and gases. There is inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all these harmful elements are kept inside. This condition is known as "sick building syndrome" furnishings in buildings, and the When condition is known as "sick building” syndrome. The sources of indoor air pollution can be easily pollen, identified. Air pollutants fall into three main categories: biological particles mold, bacteria, viruses, pollen, etc.). non-biological particles smoke, dust, heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, etc.), and gases carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon, etc.). In homes, there are four major sources of these pollutants: pressed wood products, carpets, paints, and furniture. Addition, the indoor air space of offices is full of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by photocopiers, computers and other equipment. Dangerous pollutants can also be found in air-conditioned rooms in summer and rooms heated by coal or wood fires in winter. The kitchen is another place where the air may contain harmful gases from cooking stoves and non-stick Teflon) cooking pans. Poor indoor air quality can cause a number of health problems. These include asthma, allergies, headaches, memory loss and fatigue tiredness). Eye and irritations can also result from bad indoor air. People who spend a lot of time indoors away from fresh air skin may suffer more from sore throats, colds and flu as well. The more serious long-term effects of breathing toxic airborne particles include heart and respiratory diseases in addition to different kinds of cancer. There are a number of ways to improve our indoor air very simple and make our buildings healthier. One very simple solution is to get some houseplants. In India, people are already using plants to take the place of air filters. One business center in New Delhi has successfully used this method for fifteen years. For a building with 30 people, they used over 1,200 plants to clean the air. There are other things we can do in our homes. Open a few windows every day for five or ten minutes to change the air and do not allow smoking inside. Do not use non-stick cookware. Do not use synthetic materials for carpets and buy real wood furniture. Use natural materials such as cotton and wool for curtains and bedding. Do not use toxic cleaning materials or paints in your home. Finally, be sure to keep heating stoves and air conditioners in good repair and clean them often.

According to the passage, which of the following are NOT air pollutants?

Passage 7 : Air pollution

Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows us that indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona, USA. This led them to conclude that indoor air quality can be five times worse than outdoor air. Offices, factories and other places of work can be just as polluted as homes, maybe more so. In today's society most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. We seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs. Equipment and buildings themselves, give off an increasing amount of synthetic manmade) chemicals and gases. There is inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all these harmful elements are kept inside. This condition is known as "sick building syndrome" furnishings in buildings, and the When condition is known as "sick building” syndrome. The sources of indoor air pollution can be easily pollen, identified. Air pollutants fall into three main categories: biological particles mold, bacteria, viruses, pollen, etc.). non-biological particles smoke, dust, heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, etc.), and gases carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon, etc.). In homes, there are four major sources of these pollutants: pressed wood products, carpets, paints, and furniture. Addition, the indoor air space of offices is full of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by photocopiers, computers and other equipment. Dangerous pollutants can also be found in air-conditioned rooms in summer and rooms heated by coal or wood fires in winter. The kitchen is another place where the air may contain harmful gases from cooking stoves and non-stick Teflon) cooking pans. Poor indoor air quality can cause a number of health problems. These include asthma, allergies, headaches, memory loss and fatigue tiredness). Eye and irritations can also result from bad indoor air. People who spend a lot of time indoors away from fresh air skin may suffer more from sore throats, colds and flu as well. The more serious long-term effects of breathing toxic airborne particles include heart and respiratory diseases in addition to different kinds of cancer. There are a number of ways to improve our indoor air very simple and make our buildings healthier. One very simple solution is to get some houseplants. In India, people are already using plants to take the place of air filters. One business center in New Delhi has successfully used this method for fifteen years. For a building with 30 people, they used over 1,200 plants to clean the air. There are other things we can do in our homes. Open a few windows every day for five or ten minutes to change the air and do not allow smoking inside. Do not use non-stick cookware. Do not use synthetic materials for carpets and buy real wood furniture. Use natural materials such as cotton and wool for curtains and bedding. Do not use toxic cleaning materials or paints in your home. Finally, be sure to keep heating stoves and air conditioners in good repair and clean them often.

The passage suggests we should NOT use in our homes

Passage 8 : Dialects in the Arabic language

1) The Arabic language has official status in over 20 countries and is spoken by more than 250 million people. However, the term "Arabic language" itself is used rather loosely and refers to different varieties of the language. Arabic is characterized by an interesting linguistic dichotomy: the written form of the language, Modem Standard Arabic MSA), differs in a non-trivial fashion from the various spoken varieties of Arabic, each of which is a regional dialect. MSA is the only variety that is standardized, regulated, and taught in schools. This is necessitated because of its use in written communication in formal settings. The regional dialects, used primarily for day-today dealings and spoken communication, are not taught formally in schools, and remain somewhat absent from traditional, and certainly official, written communication.

2) A regional dialect doesn’t have an explicit written set of grammar but there is certain authoritative organization. Furthermore, even though they are spoken varieties it is certainly possible to produce dialectal Arabic text by spelling out words using the same spelling rules used in MSA, which are mostly phonetic.

3) There is a reasonable level of mutual intelligibility across the dialects, but the extent to which a particular individual is able to understand other dialects depends heavily on that person's own dialect and their exposure to Arab culture and literature from outside of their own country. For example, the typical Arabic speaker has little trouble understanding the Egyptian dialect, thanks in no small part to Egypt's history in literature, movie- making and television show production, and their popularity across the Arab world. On the other hand, the Moroccan dialect, especially in its spoken form, is quite difficult to understand by a Levantine Syrian or Lebanese) speaker. Therefore, from a scientific point of view, the dialects can be considered separate languages in their own right, much like North Germanic languages Norwegian/Swedish/Danish) and West Slavic languages Czech/Slovak/Polish).

The word This in Paragraph 1) refers to………

Passage 8 : Dialects in the Arabic language

1) The Arabic language has official status in over 20 countries and is spoken by more than 250 million people. However, the term "Arabic language" itself is used rather loosely and refers to different varieties of the language. Arabic is characterized by an interesting linguistic dichotomy: the written form of the language, Modem Standard Arabic MSA), differs in a non-trivial fashion from the various spoken varieties of Arabic, each of which is a regional dialect. MSA is the only variety that is standardized, regulated, and taught in schools. This is necessitated because of its use in written communication in formal settings. The regional dialects, used primarily for day-today dealings and spoken communication, are not taught formally in schools, and remain somewhat absent from traditional, and certainly official, written communication.

2) A regional dialect doesn’t have an explicit written set of grammar but there is certain authoritative organization. Furthermore, even though they are spoken varieties it is certainly possible to produce dialectal Arabic text by spelling out words using the same spelling rules used in MSA, which are mostly phonetic.

3) There is a reasonable level of mutual intelligibility across the dialects, but the extent to which a particular individual is able to understand other dialects depends heavily on that person's own dialect and their exposure to Arab culture and literature from outside of their own country. For example, the typical Arabic speaker has little trouble understanding the Egyptian dialect, thanks in no small part to Egypt's history in literature, movie- making and television show production, and their popularity across the Arab world. On the other hand, the Moroccan dialect, especially in its spoken form, is quite difficult to understand by a Levantine Syrian or Lebanese) speaker. Therefore, from a scientific point of view, the dialects can be considered separate languages in their own right, much like North Germanic languages Norwegian/Swedish/Danish) and West Slavic languages Czech/Slovak/Polish).

 In Paragraph 2), the author suggests that……

Passage 8 : Dialects in the Arabic language

1) The Arabic language has official status in over 20 countries and is spoken by more than 250 million people. However, the term "Arabic language" itself is used rather loosely and refers to different varieties of the language. Arabic is characterized by an interesting linguistic dichotomy: the written form of the language, Modem Standard Arabic MSA), differs in a non-trivial fashion from the various spoken varieties of Arabic, each of which is a regional dialect. MSA is the only variety that is standardized, regulated, and taught in schools. This is necessitated because of its use in written communication in formal settings. The regional dialects, used primarily for day-today dealings and spoken communication, are not taught formally in schools, and remain somewhat absent from traditional, and certainly official, written communication.

2) A regional dialect doesn’t have an explicit written set of grammar but there is certain authoritative organization. Furthermore, even though they are spoken varieties it is certainly possible to produce dialectal Arabic text by spelling out words using the same spelling rules used in MSA, which are mostly phonetic.

3) There is a reasonable level of mutual intelligibility across the dialects, but the extent to which a particular individual is able to understand other dialects depends heavily on that person's own dialect and their exposure to Arab culture and literature from outside of their own country. For example, the typical Arabic speaker has little trouble understanding the Egyptian dialect, thanks in no small part to Egypt's history in literature, movie- making and television show production, and their popularity across the Arab world. On the other hand, the Moroccan dialect, especially in its spoken form, is quite difficult to understand by a Levantine Syrian or Lebanese) speaker. Therefore, from a scientific point of view, the dialects can be considered separate languages in their own right, much like North Germanic languages Norwegian/Swedish/Danish) and West Slavic languages Czech/Slovak/Polish).

 The words mutual intelligibility in Paragraph 3) are closest in meaning to……

Passage 8 : Dialects in the Arabic language

1) The Arabic language has official status in over 20 countries and is spoken by more than 250 million people. However, the term "Arabic language" itself is used rather loosely and refers to different varieties of the language. Arabic is characterized by an interesting linguistic dichotomy: the written form of the language, Modem Standard Arabic MSA), differs in a non-trivial fashion from the various spoken varieties of Arabic, each of which is a regional dialect. MSA is the only variety that is standardized, regulated, and taught in schools. This is necessitated because of its use in written communication in formal settings. The regional dialects, used primarily for day-today dealings and spoken communication, are not taught formally in schools, and remain somewhat absent from traditional, and certainly official, written communication.

2) A regional dialect doesn’t have an explicit written set of grammar but there is certain authoritative organization. Furthermore, even though they are spoken varieties it is certainly possible to produce dialectal Arabic text by spelling out words using the same spelling rules used in MSA, which are mostly phonetic.

3) There is a reasonable level of mutual intelligibility across the dialects, but the extent to which a particular individual is able to understand other dialects depends heavily on that person's own dialect and their exposure to Arab culture and literature from outside of their own country. For example, the typical Arabic speaker has little trouble understanding the Egyptian dialect, thanks in no small part to Egypt's history in literature, movie- making and television show production, and their popularity across the Arab world. On the other hand, the Moroccan dialect, especially in its spoken form, is quite difficult to understand by a Levantine Syrian or Lebanese) speaker. Therefore, from a scientific point of view, the dialects can be considered separate languages in their own right, much like North Germanic languages Norwegian/Swedish/Danish) and West Slavic languages Czech/Slovak/Polish).

According to Par 3), the dialect best understood by most Arabic speakers is……

Passage 8 : Dialects in the Arabic language

1) The Arabic language has official status in over 20 countries and is spoken by more than 250 million people. However, the term "Arabic language" itself is used rather loosely and refers to different varieties of the language. Arabic is characterized by an interesting linguistic dichotomy: the written form of the language, Modem Standard Arabic MSA), differs in a non-trivial fashion from the various spoken varieties of Arabic, each of which is a regional dialect. MSA is the only variety that is standardized, regulated, and taught in schools. This is necessitated because of its use in written communication in formal settings. The regional dialects, used primarily for day-today dealings and spoken communication, are not taught formally in schools, and remain somewhat absent from traditional, and certainly official, written communication.

2) A regional dialect doesn’t have an explicit written set of grammar but there is certain authoritative organization. Furthermore, even though they are spoken varieties it is certainly possible to produce dialectal Arabic text by spelling out words using the same spelling rules used in MSA, which are mostly phonetic.

3) There is a reasonable level of mutual intelligibility across the dialects, but the extent to which a particular individual is able to understand other dialects depends heavily on that person's own dialect and their exposure to Arab culture and literature from outside of their own country. For example, the typical Arabic speaker has little trouble understanding the Egyptian dialect, thanks in no small part to Egypt's history in literature, movie- making and television show production, and their popularity across the Arab world. On the other hand, the Moroccan dialect, especially in its spoken form, is quite difficult to understand by a Levantine Syrian or Lebanese) speaker. Therefore, from a scientific point of view, the dialects can be considered separate languages in their own right, much like North Germanic languages Norwegian/Swedish/Danish) and West Slavic languages Czech/Slovak/Polish).

The author refers to North Germanic and West Slavic languages to show the……….

Passage 9 : Successful Surgery

1) A man who was paralyzed in a car crash four years ago has regained some use of his hands. Surgeons at Washington University School of Medicine in the U.S. took healthy nerves from other parts of the man and used them to rewire the nerves in his arm.
2) The 71-year-old broke his neck in the accident and was left unable to walk. Though he could still move his arms, he had lost the ability to grasp or hold things in either hand. The university doctors said the pioneering operation may prove to be a breakthrough for some patients with spinal cord injuries.
3) The man received extensive therapy after the operation. He was able to move the thumb and fingers of his left hand eight months after surgery. After ten more months, the patient could move the fingers of his right hand and begin to feed himself and even write to some extent considering the severity of his injury and the fact that 22 months
had passed between his accident and the surgery, these results are remarkable.

 In Paragraph 2), the word pioneering means that they used ……

Passage 9 : Successful Surgery

1) A man who was paralyzed in a car crash four years ago has regained some use of his hands. Surgeons at Washington University School of Medicine in the U.S. took healthy nerves from other parts of the man and used them to rewire the nerves in his arm.
2) The 71-year-old broke his neck in the accident and was left unable to walk. Though he could still move his arms, he had lost the ability to grasp or hold things in either hand. The university doctors said the pioneering operation may prove to be a breakthrough for some patients with spinal cord injuries.
3) The man received extensive therapy after the operation. He was able to move the thumb and fingers of his left hand eight months after surgery. After ten more months, the patient could move the fingers of his right hand and begin to feed himself and even write to some extent considering the severity of his injury and the fact that 22 months
had passed between his accident and the surgery, these results are remarkable.

 Which of the following is TRUE?

Passage 9 : Successful Surgery

1) A man who was paralyzed in a car crash four years ago has regained some use of his hands. Surgeons at Washington University School of Medicine in the U.S. took healthy nerves from other parts of the man and used them to rewire the nerves in his arm.
2) The 71-year-old broke his neck in the accident and was left unable to walk. Though he could still move his arms, he had lost the ability to grasp or hold things in either hand. The university doctors said the pioneering operation may prove to be a breakthrough for some patients with spinal cord injuries.
3) The man received extensive therapy after the operation. He was able to move the thumb and fingers of his left hand eight months after surgery. After ten more months, the patient could move the fingers of his right hand and begin to feed himself and even write to some extent considering the severity of his injury and the fact that 22 months
had passed between his accident and the surgery, these results are remarkable.

 How long after his operation did it take for the man to be able to use his hands to eat by himself?

Passage 10 : Announcement of a course

Class Offering
English 134
Advanced Technical Writing for the Health Professions
Offered only in the Spring semester,
3 credit hours
Prerequisite
English 133 or permission of the instructor.
Course description:
Review of grammar and vocabulary:
focus on writing medical English; not
open to first year students
Instructor: Assistant Professor Dr. Roger Brown

Medical students will take this class ………

Passage 10 : Announcement of a course

Class Offering
English 134
Advanced Technical Writing for the Health Professions
Offered only in the Spring semester,
3 credit hours
Prerequisite
English 133 or permission of the instructor.
Course description:
Review of grammar and vocabulary:
focus on writing medical English; not
open to first year students
Instructor: Assistant Professor Dr. Roger Brown

The passage says that the course will ………

Passage 11 : Gold

While gold is used in industry, its main historical use has been as a means of maintaining the value of wealth, usually in the form of jewelry and money. Gold, measured and priced in a troy ounces or grams, has been used as a store of value for at least 5,000 years. About 2,000 years ago, one troy ounce of gold might purchase a high quality, custom made outfit. Today, the same amount of gold would probably be able to purchase a similar high-quality outfit, plus all of the matching accessories.

What does the passage say about the historical use of gold?

Passage 12 : Indicative panel

SLOW
CHILDREN
PLAYING

This sign tells you that you must NOT ................ in this area.

Passage 13 : Ice cream

1) The traveler Marco Polo retuned from his famous expedition to the Far East with fruit-flavored ices. We know from Marco Polo that Asians had been making fruit-flavored ices for thousands of years, long before he reached this part of the world. These delicacies became popular in France in the 1500s, but only among royalty. Over the next few centuries, the process of making them evolved and eventually cream was introduced as an ingredient. By the 1700s, people were enjoying a dessert that was very similar to today's ice cream. It became a treat that could be enjoyed by almost anyone, not just the rich.

2) The first wholesale manufacture of ice cream was in 1851 in Baltimore, Maryland by Jacob Fussel. He had a dairy business that had excess cream which he decided to add to his ice cream. Soon after that, his ice cream outsold all of his other dairy products.
3) The making of ice cream slowly evolved for the next few decades. Manufacturing methods and ingredients improved and refrigeration technology became cheaper and more efficient. By the 1920s, home refrigerators and freezers became more common. This gave the ice cream industry another boost. A problem developed during World War I in the U.S., when most sugar was shipped to Europe and people were therefore only allowed to buy limited amounts of it convinced the government that ice cream was an "essential food". Ice cream factories were given sugar and production continued.
4) Sales increased in the years leading up to World War II before leveling off in the post-war years. The rise of giant supermarkets created a demand for cheaper, 1960s saw a resurgence in "premium" ice cream, while the following decades saw the market fragment into low-fat varieties for the health-conscious. Including frozen yogurt, fruit bars. ice milk, fat-free ice cream, and mass-produced ice cream, but quality suffered. Many researchers stated that 60% of frozen desserts are ice cream.

What is the best title for this passage?

Passage 13 : Ice cream

1) The traveler Marco Polo retuned from his famous expedition to the Far East with fruit-flavored ices. We know from Marco Polo that Asians had been making fruit-flavored ices for thousands of years, long before he reached this part of the world. These delicacies became popular in France in the 1500s, but only among royalty. Over the next few centuries, the process of making them evolved and eventually cream was introduced as an ingredient. By the 1700s, people were enjoying a dessert that was very similar to today's ice cream. It became a treat that could be enjoyed by almost anyone, not just the rich.

2) The first wholesale manufacture of ice cream was in 1851 in Baltimore, Maryland by Jacob Fussel. He had a dairy business that had excess cream which he decided to add to his ice cream. Soon after that, his ice cream outsold all of his other dairy products.
3) The making of ice cream slowly evolved for the next few decades. Manufacturing methods and ingredients improved and refrigeration technology became cheaper and more efficient. By the 1920s, home refrigerators and freezers became more common. This gave the ice cream industry another boost. A problem developed during World War I in the U.S., when most sugar was shipped to Europe and people were therefore only allowed to buy limited amounts of it convinced the government that ice cream was an "essential food". Ice cream factories were given sugar and production continued.
4) Sales increased in the years leading up to World War II before leveling off in the post-war years. The rise of giant supermarkets created a demand for cheaper, 1960s saw a resurgence in "premium" ice cream, while the following decades saw the market fragment into low-fat varieties for the health-conscious. Including frozen yogurt, fruit bars. ice milk, fat-free ice cream, and mass-produced ice cream, but quality suffered. Many researchers stated that 60% of frozen desserts are ice cream.

The word expedition in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to……

Passage 13 : Ice cream

1) The traveler Marco Polo retuned from his famous expedition to the Far East with fruit-flavored ices. We know from Marco Polo that Asians had been making fruit-flavored ices for thousands of years, long before he reached this part of the world. These delicacies became popular in France in the 1500s, but only among royalty. Over the next few centuries, the process of making them evolved and eventually cream was introduced as an ingredient. By the 1700s, people were enjoying a dessert that was very similar to today's ice cream. It became a treat that could be enjoyed by almost anyone, not just the rich.

2) The first wholesale manufacture of ice cream was in 1851 in Baltimore, Maryland by Jacob Fussel. He had a dairy business that had excess cream which he decided to add to his ice cream. Soon after that, his ice cream outsold all of his other dairy products.
3) The making of ice cream slowly evolved for the next few decades. Manufacturing methods and ingredients improved and refrigeration technology became cheaper and more efficient. By the 1920s, home refrigerators and freezers became more common. This gave the ice cream industry another boost. A problem developed during World War I in the U.S., when most sugar was shipped to Europe and people were therefore only allowed to buy limited amounts of it convinced the government that ice cream was an "essential food". Ice cream factories were given sugar and production continued.
4) Sales increased in the years leading up to World War II before leveling off in the post-war years. The rise of giant supermarkets created a demand for cheaper, 1960s saw a resurgence in "premium" ice cream, while the following decades saw the market fragment into low-fat varieties for the health-conscious. Including frozen yogurt, fruit bars. ice milk, fat-free ice cream, and mass-produced ice cream, but quality suffered. Many researchers stated that 60% of frozen desserts are ice cream.

According to Paragraph 1), fruit flavored ices were first made by…..

Passage 13 : Ice cream

1) The traveler Marco Polo retuned from his famous expedition to the Far East with fruit-flavored ices. We know from Marco Polo that Asians had been making fruit-flavored ices for thousands of years, long before he reached this part of the world. These delicacies became popular in France in the 1500s, but only among royalty. Over the next few centuries, the process of making them evolved and eventually cream was introduced as an ingredient. By the 1700s, people were enjoying a dessert that was very similar to today's ice cream. It became a treat that could be enjoyed by almost anyone, not just the rich.

2) The first wholesale manufacture of ice cream was in 1851 in Baltimore, Maryland by Jacob Fussel. He had a dairy business that had excess cream which he decided to add to his ice cream. Soon after that, his ice cream outsold all of his other dairy products.
3) The making of ice cream slowly evolved for the next few decades. Manufacturing methods and ingredients improved and refrigeration technology became cheaper and more efficient. By the 1920s, home refrigerators and freezers became more common. This gave the ice cream industry another boost. A problem developed during World War I in the U.S., when most sugar was shipped to Europe and people were therefore only allowed to buy limited amounts of it convinced the government that ice cream was an "essential food". Ice cream factories were given sugar and production continued.
4) Sales increased in the years leading up to World War II before leveling off in the post-war years. The rise of giant supermarkets created a demand for cheaper, 1960s saw a resurgence in "premium" ice cream, while the following decades saw the market fragment into low-fat varieties for the health-conscious. Including frozen yogurt, fruit bars. ice milk, fat-free ice cream, and mass-produced ice cream, but quality suffered. Many researchers stated that 60% of frozen desserts are ice cream.

According to Paragraph 3), during World War I, in the U.S………

Passage 13 : Ice cream

1) The traveler Marco Polo retuned from his famous expedition to the Far East with fruit-flavored ices. We know from Marco Polo that Asians had been making fruit-flavored ices for thousands of years, long before he reached this part of the world. These delicacies became popular in France in the 1500s, but only among royalty. Over the next few centuries, the process of making them evolved and eventually cream was introduced as an ingredient. By the 1700s, people were enjoying a dessert that was very similar to today's ice cream. It became a treat that could be enjoyed by almost anyone, not just the rich.

2) The first wholesale manufacture of ice cream was in 1851 in Baltimore, Maryland by Jacob Fussel. He had a dairy business that had excess cream which he decided to add to his ice cream. Soon after that, his ice cream outsold all of his other dairy products.
3) The making of ice cream slowly evolved for the next few decades. Manufacturing methods and ingredients improved and refrigeration technology became cheaper and more efficient. By the 1920s, home refrigerators and freezers became more common. This gave the ice cream industry another boost. A problem developed during World War I in the U.S., when most sugar was shipped to Europe and people were therefore only allowed to buy limited amounts of it convinced the government that ice cream was an "essential food". Ice cream factories were given sugar and production continued.
4) Sales increased in the years leading up to World War II before leveling off in the post-war years. The rise of giant supermarkets created a demand for cheaper, 1960s saw a resurgence in "premium" ice cream, while the following decades saw the market fragment into low-fat varieties for the health-conscious. Including frozen yogurt, fruit bars. ice milk, fat-free ice cream, and mass-produced ice cream, but quality suffered. Many researchers stated that 60% of frozen desserts are ice cream.

According to Paragraph 4), 60% of frozen desserts are……

Passage 14 : tropical cyclones

Although their effects on human populations are devastating, tropical cyclones can relieve drought conditions.
They also carry heat energy away from the tropics and transport it toward temperate latitudes, which makes them an important part of the mechanism. As a result, tropical cyclones help to maintain equilibrium in the Earth's troposphere, and to maintain a relatively stable and warm temperature worldwide.

The word their in the passage refers to……

Passage 14 : tropical cyclones

Although their effects on human populations are devastating, tropical cyclones can relieve drought conditions.
They also carry heat energy away from the tropics and transport it toward temperate latitudes, which makes them an important part of the mechanism. As a result, tropical cyclones help to maintain equilibrium in the Earth's troposphere, and to maintain a relatively stable and warm temperature worldwide.

The word equilibrium in the passage is closest in meaning to…………

Passage 15 : Peter in Australia

My room was large and clean with a big bed. It also had a great view of the sea and the beach from the window. The location was great, too-right on the beach. It was 10 minutes on foot from the city center, so I didn't need to drive or take a taxi to get there. All of the staff members were also polite and helpful. But the best part was the breakfasts which included different breads, cheeses, jams, yogurt and fruits. Fantastic! I ate something different every day. There were two things I did not like: the swimming pool was too small for swimming, and the Internet was too slow to watch videos. However, I'll be visiting again. Peter from Australia).

According to the passage, Peter………

Passage 15 : Peter in Australia

My room was large and clean with a big bed. It also had a great view of the sea and the beach from the window. The location was great, too-right on the beach. It was 10 minutes on foot from the city center, so I didn't need to drive or take a taxi to get there. All of the staff members were also polite and helpful. But the best part was the breakfasts which included different breads, cheeses, jams, yogurt and fruits. Fantastic! I ate something different every day. There were two things I did not like: the swimming pool was too small for swimming, and the Internet was too slow to watch videos. However, I'll be visiting again. Peter from Australia).

The word location in the passage is closest in meaning to………..

Passage 16 : Professor Daniel

Daniel Smith is an old-fashioned and hard-working professor of Linguistics. He is not quite popular among his students because he foolishly expects everyone else to work the long hours that he does.

Who works long hours?

Passage 17 : Paper in Japan

Not long after paper was invented in China in the first century C.E., the art of folding paper emerged. Paper spread to Japan by the sixth century where the rich, who were able to buy the little paper that was available and had the leisure time to practice, developed origami Japanese for folding, "ori," and paper, "kami").

 The word leisure in the passage is closest in meaning to….

Passage 18 : Mauritius Island

In the Alberto Cantino map of 1502, the Arab name of Mauritius Island appeared as Dina Arobi. Historians claim that the Arabs communicated this name to the Portuguese, and based on this fact they concluded that the former had already discovered Mauritius by that time.

The word the former in the passage refer to…………

Passage 19 : Vinegar

I'm sure you've eaten vinegar on your salad or perhaps used it as a dip for bread, but have you ever wiped it on your underarms or used it to clean a toilet seat? If not, you should give it a try! `Vinegar is most commonly used as a food condiment, but it has far more uses than just that. Because it is safe, natural, and eco-friendly, it makes a great alternative for chemical-laden cleaning and sanitizing products. In addition to being able to dissolve mineral deposits on steel, and other surfaces, vinegar is also effective at killing mold and bacteria.

At the beginning of the passage, the author assumes that the reader has used vinegar

Passage 20 : Food and Drug Authority

The Saudi Food and Drug Authority SFDA) was established under the Council of Ministers in 2004, as an independent body corporate that directly reports to The President of Council of Ministers. The Authority's objective is to regulate, oversee, and control food, drugs, medical devices, as well as to set their mandatory standard specifications, whether they are imported or locally manufactured.

You can understand from the passage that the SFDA deals with goods that are……

Passage 21 : Colds

Less is known about the cause of the common cold than about the causes of many more serious diseases.

Which of the following statements is the most accurate?

Passage 22 : Juliette's Footbridge

Juliette Low, founder of the Girl Scout movement, had a way of motivating others to help her with her goals. One encounter that required her persistence happened while she was walking along a road and came by a stream. The only way to get to the other side of the stream was by a very narrow foot bridge, and Juliette was afraid to walk across it alone. She saw an old man coming down the road and told him to go across the bridge first, while she followed. Although the old man started to protest, her stubborn insistence again worked and he led her across the footbridge. Once they crossed safely, the old man explained to her that he was blind!

The word it in the passage refers to………

Passage 23 : Tips to reduce financial losses in the labor market

1) Around the world, people start millions of new 1) businesses every year and most of them fail in the first year. Lack of proper planning is a common reason for this problem. The fact is, many people simply don't make or follow a good plan, one that takes risks into account, when they start their business. Starting a new business always involves taking risks, but some risks can be avoided. A good business plan shows you and your possible financial backers-that you have thought carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them.
2) Here are some crucial questions a business plan should answer. Start with these, as they are essential to your success. Is there a market for your product? How big is that market? Are people willing to pay a reasonable price for your product? How big an investment will you need to make to start? What will your operating expenses rent, raw materials, labor, taxes, utilities, etc.) be? How might they change? Why will customers choose you over your competitors? Do you have a marketing plan?
3) Next you must ask yourself if the answers you gave to these questions are based on valid research and facts, or as is more usual, are they just guesses and wishful thinking? Guesses are dangerous, but even the best research can be wrong. Things change quickly in the business world. Do you have a "plan B" for unexpected problems? For example, if you need to lower your prices to get more business, will you still be able to make a profit? If sales are lower than you expect, do you have enough money set aside to advertise?
4) If you can't give a good answer to one or more of these questions, your new business can quickly be in big trouble. So anyone who is thinking about starting a new business should create a good business plan. It is the best way to avoid unnecessary problems.

According to Paragraph 1), what does a good business Plan do….

Passage 23 : Tips to reduce financial losses in the labor market

1) Around the world, people start millions of new 1) businesses every year and most of them fail in the first year. Lack of proper planning is a common reason for this problem. The fact is, many people simply don't make or follow a good plan, one that takes risks into account, when they start their business. Starting a new business always involves taking risks, but some risks can be avoided. A good business plan shows you and your possible financial backers-that you have thought carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them.
2) Here are some crucial questions a business plan should answer. Start with these, as they are essential to your success. Is there a market for your product? How big is that market? Are people willing to pay a reasonable price for your product? How big an investment will you need to make to start? What will your operating expenses rent, raw materials, labor, taxes, utilities, etc.) be? How might they change? Why will customers choose you over your competitors? Do you have a marketing plan?
3) Next you must ask yourself if the answers you gave to these questions are based on valid research and facts, or as is more usual, are they just guesses and wishful thinking? Guesses are dangerous, but even the best research can be wrong. Things change quickly in the business world. Do you have a "plan B" for unexpected problems? For example, if you need to lower your prices to get more business, will you still be able to make a profit? If sales are lower than you expect, do you have enough money set aside to advertise?
4) If you can't give a good answer to one or more of these questions, your new business can quickly be in big trouble. So anyone who is thinking about starting a new business should create a good business plan. It is the best way to avoid unnecessary problems.

 The word risks in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to………

Passage 23 : Tips to reduce financial losses in the labor market

1) Around the world, people start millions of new 1) businesses every year and most of them fail in the first year. Lack of proper planning is a common reason for this problem. The fact is, many people simply don't make or follow a good plan, one that takes risks into account, when they start their business. Starting a new business always involves taking risks, but some risks can be avoided. A good business plan shows you and your possible financial backers-that you have thought carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them.
2) Here are some crucial questions a business plan should answer. Start with these, as they are essential to your success. Is there a market for your product? How big is that market? Are people willing to pay a reasonable price for your product? How big an investment will you need to make to start? What will your operating expenses rent, raw materials, labor, taxes, utilities, etc.) be? How might they change? Why will customers choose you over your competitors? Do you have a marketing plan?
3) Next you must ask yourself if the answers you gave to these questions are based on valid research and facts, or as is more usual, are they just guesses and wishful thinking? Guesses are dangerous, but even the best research can be wrong. Things change quickly in the business world. Do you have a "plan B" for unexpected problems? For example, if you need to lower your prices to get more business, will you still be able to make a profit? If sales are lower than you expect, do you have enough money set aside to advertise?
4) If you can't give a good answer to one or more of these questions, your new business can quickly be in big trouble. So anyone who is thinking about starting a new business should create a good business plan. It is the best way to avoid unnecessary problems.

 The word crucial in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to……..

Passage 23 : Tips to reduce financial losses in the labor market

1) Around the world, people start millions of new 1) businesses every year and most of them fail in the first year. Lack of proper planning is a common reason for this problem. The fact is, many people simply don't make or follow a good plan, one that takes risks into account, when they start their business. Starting a new business always involves taking risks, but some risks can be avoided. A good business plan shows you and your possible financial backers-that you have thought carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them.
2) Here are some crucial questions a business plan should answer. Start with these, as they are essential to your success. Is there a market for your product? How big is that market? Are people willing to pay a reasonable price for your product? How big an investment will you need to make to start? What will your operating expenses rent, raw materials, labor, taxes, utilities, etc.) be? How might they change? Why will customers choose you over your competitors? Do you have a marketing plan?
3) Next you must ask yourself if the answers you gave to these questions are based on valid research and facts, or as is more usual, are they just guesses and wishful thinking? Guesses are dangerous, but even the best research can be wrong. Things change quickly in the business world. Do you have a "plan B" for unexpected problems? For example, if you need to lower your prices to get more business, will you still be able to make a profit? If sales are lower than you expect, do you have enough money set aside to advertise?
4) If you can't give a good answer to one or more of these questions, your new business can quickly be in big trouble. So anyone who is thinking about starting a new business should create a good business plan. It is the best way to avoid unnecessary problems.

According to Paragraph 3), what should the owner of a new business do?

Passage 23 : Tips to reduce financial losses in the labor market

1) Around the world, people start millions of new 1) businesses every year and most of them fail in the first year. Lack of proper planning is a common reason for this problem. The fact is, many people simply don't make or follow a good plan, one that takes risks into account, when they start their business. Starting a new business always involves taking risks, but some risks can be avoided. A good business plan shows you and your possible financial backers-that you have thought carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them.
2) Here are some crucial questions a business plan should answer. Start with these, as they are essential to your success. Is there a market for your product? How big is that market? Are people willing to pay a reasonable price for your product? How big an investment will you need to make to start? What will your operating expenses rent, raw materials, labor, taxes, utilities, etc.) be? How might they change? Why will customers choose you over your competitors? Do you have a marketing plan?
3) Next you must ask yourself if the answers you gave to these questions are based on valid research and facts, or as is more usual, are they just guesses and wishful thinking? Guesses are dangerous, but even the best research can be wrong. Things change quickly in the business world. Do you have a "plan B" for unexpected problems? For example, if you need to lower your prices to get more business, will you still be able to make a profit? If sales are lower than you expect, do you have enough money set aside to advertise?
4) If you can't give a good answer to one or more of these questions, your new business can quickly be in big trouble. So anyone who is thinking about starting a new business should create a good business plan. It is the best way to avoid unnecessary problems.

 The pronoun they in Paragraph 3) refers to…......

Passage 23 : Tips to reduce financial losses in the labor market

1) Around the world, people start millions of new 1) businesses every year and most of them fail in the first year. Lack of proper planning is a common reason for this problem. The fact is, many people simply don't make or follow a good plan, one that takes risks into account, when they start their business. Starting a new business always involves taking risks, but some risks can be avoided. A good business plan shows you and your possible financial backers-that you have thought carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them.
2) Here are some crucial questions a business plan should answer. Start with these, as they are essential to your success. Is there a market for your product? How big is that market? Are people willing to pay a reasonable price for your product? How big an investment will you need to make to start? What will your operating expenses rent, raw materials, labor, taxes, utilities, etc.) be? How might they change? Why will customers choose you over your competitors? Do you have a marketing plan?
3) Next you must ask yourself if the answers you gave to these questions are based on valid research and facts, or as is more usual, are they just guesses and wishful thinking? Guesses are dangerous, but even the best research can be wrong. Things change quickly in the business world. Do you have a "plan B" for unexpected problems? For example, if you need to lower your prices to get more business, will you still be able to make a profit? If sales are lower than you expect, do you have enough money set aside to advertise?
4) If you can't give a good answer to one or more of these questions, your new business can quickly be in big trouble. So anyone who is thinking about starting a new business should create a good business plan. It is the best way to avoid unnecessary problems.

 The author's main purpose in the passage is to…….....

Passage 24 : Fast food

1) Fast food restaurants, especially some American chains, One of have become very popular all over the world. the most famous produces a meal especially designed for children called a "Children's Meal." The package contains not only a hamburger and French fries, but also a plastic toy as a prize. Most children beg their parents to take them out for such a treat, preferring it to the more nutritious, if boring, home-cooked meal.
2) What is so special about this fast-food favorite? Well, for one thing, it will last forever, will not rot or mold, and even bacteria will not eat it! It is essentially no different from the plastic toy included with the meal. In April, 2010, New York artist and photographer Sally Davies bought a Children's Meal and left it out on her kitchen shelf to see what would happen to it. She photographed it each week, and by October six months later, it appeared to be exactly the same! The only thing she noted was that the "food" had become as hard as a rock and looked like plastic. Her experiment became famous and is known as "The Children's Meal Art Project."
3) Sally Davies was not the first one to test the durability of a fast-food hamburger. In 2008, a teacher named Karen Hanrahan posted photos on the Internet of a hamburger she purchased at the famous fast-food chain in 1996. After 12 years, the burger looked exactly the same as the day she bought it. The bun was a bit harder, and the burger itself was beginning to crumble, but essentially, it was unchanged. She still keeps this hamburger and shows it to her classes to teach them about the dangers of eating such "non-food". she tells them that this is a chemical food, and there is absolutely no nutrition in it, nothing of value for the health of the human body. stomach. It does nothing more than fill your stomach. It is certainly not a treat," she says.
4) When we read the list of ingredients in all these so-called meals and burgers, we must wonder why there are tens of different chemicals, preservatives artificial flavors and so on along with the potato, meat, cheese and bread ingredients. This American-based fast food chain ships all its food from large central factories to branches throughout the entire world. One of their hamburgers here tastes exactly the same as it does in China and probably lasts just as long as well.

What is the main idea of the passage?

Passage 24 : Fast food

1) Fast food restaurants, especially some American chains, One of have become very popular all over the world. the most famous produces a meal especially designed for children called a "Children's Meal." The package contains not only a hamburger and French fries, but also a plastic toy as a prize. Most children beg their parents to take them out for such a treat, preferring it to the more nutritious, if boring, home-cooked meal.
2) What is so special about this fast-food favorite? Well, for one thing, it will last forever, will not rot or mold, and even bacteria will not eat it! It is essentially no different from the plastic toy included with the meal. In April, 2010, New York artist and photographer Sally Davies bought a Children's Meal and left it out on her kitchen shelf to see what would happen to it. She photographed it each week, and by October six months later, it appeared to be exactly the same! The only thing she noted was that the "food" had become as hard as a rock and looked like plastic. Her experiment became famous and is known as "The Children's Meal Art Project."
3) Sally Davies was not the first one to test the durability of a fast-food hamburger. In 2008, a teacher named Karen Hanrahan posted photos on the Internet of a hamburger she purchased at the famous fast-food chain in 1996. After 12 years, the burger looked exactly the same as the day she bought it. The bun was a bit harder, and the burger itself was beginning to crumble, but essentially, it was unchanged. She still keeps this hamburger and shows it to her classes to teach them about the dangers of eating such "non-food". she tells them that this is a chemical food, and there is absolutely no nutrition in it, nothing of value for the health of the human body. stomach. It does nothing more than fill your stomach. It is certainly not a treat," she says.
4) When we read the list of ingredients in all these so-called meals and burgers, we must wonder why there are tens of different chemicals, preservatives artificial flavors and so on along with the potato, meat, cheese and bread ingredients. This American-based fast food chain ships all its food from large central factories to branches throughout the entire world. One of their hamburgers here tastes exactly the same as it does in China and probably lasts just as long as well.

According to Paragraph 2), how long did Sally Davies photograph the same "Children's Meal"?

Passage 24 : Fast food

1) Fast food restaurants, especially some American chains, One of have become very popular all over the world. the most famous produces a meal especially designed for children called a "Children's Meal." The package contains not only a hamburger and French fries, but also a plastic toy as a prize. Most children beg their parents to take them out for such a treat, preferring it to the more nutritious, if boring, home-cooked meal.
2) What is so special about this fast-food favorite? Well, for one thing, it will last forever, will not rot or mold, and even bacteria will not eat it! It is essentially no different from the plastic toy included with the meal. In April, 2010, New York artist and photographer Sally Davies bought a Children's Meal and left it out on her kitchen shelf to see what would happen to it. She photographed it each week, and by October six months later, it appeared to be exactly the same! The only thing she noted was that the "food" had become as hard as a rock and looked like plastic. Her experiment became famous and is known as "The Children's Meal Art Project."
3) Sally Davies was not the first one to test the durability of a fast-food hamburger. In 2008, a teacher named Karen Hanrahan posted photos on the Internet of a hamburger she purchased at the famous fast-food chain in 1996. After 12 years, the burger looked exactly the same as the day she bought it. The bun was a bit harder, and the burger itself was beginning to crumble, but essentially, it was unchanged. She still keeps this hamburger and shows it to her classes to teach them about the dangers of eating such "non-food". she tells them that this is a chemical food, and there is absolutely no nutrition in it, nothing of value for the health of the human body. stomach. It does nothing more than fill your stomach. It is certainly not a treat," she says.
4) When we read the list of ingredients in all these so-called meals and burgers, we must wonder why there are tens of different chemicals, preservatives artificial flavors and so on along with the potato, meat, cheese and bread ingredients. This American-based fast food chain ships all its food from large central factories to branches throughout the entire world. One of their hamburgers here tastes exactly the same as it does in China and probably lasts just as long as well.

 The word essentially in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to…….

Passage 24 : Fast food

1) Fast food restaurants, especially some American chains, One of have become very popular all over the world. the most famous produces a meal especially designed for children called a "Children's Meal." The package contains not only a hamburger and French fries, but also a plastic toy as a prize. Most children beg their parents to take them out for such a treat, preferring it to the more nutritious, if boring, home-cooked meal.
2) What is so special about this fast-food favorite? Well, for one thing, it will last forever, will not rot or mold, and even bacteria will not eat it! It is essentially no different from the plastic toy included with the meal. In April, 2010, New York artist and photographer Sally Davies bought a Children's Meal and left it out on her kitchen shelf to see what would happen to it. She photographed it each week, and by October six months later, it appeared to be exactly the same! The only thing she noted was that the "food" had become as hard as a rock and looked like plastic. Her experiment became famous and is known as "The Children's Meal Art Project."
3) Sally Davies was not the first one to test the durability of a fast-food hamburger. In 2008, a teacher named Karen Hanrahan posted photos on the Internet of a hamburger she purchased at the famous fast-food chain in 1996. After 12 years, the burger looked exactly the same as the day she bought it. The bun was a bit harder, and the burger itself was beginning to crumble, but essentially, it was unchanged. She still keeps this hamburger and shows it to her classes to teach them about the dangers of eating such "non-food". she tells them that this is a chemical food, and there is absolutely no nutrition in it, nothing of value for the health of the human body. stomach. It does nothing more than fill your stomach. It is certainly not a treat," she says.
4) When we read the list of ingredients in all these so-called meals and burgers, we must wonder why there are tens of different chemicals, preservatives artificial flavors and so on along with the potato, meat, cheese and bread ingredients. This American-based fast food chain ships all its food from large central factories to branches throughout the entire world. One of their hamburgers here tastes exactly the same as it does in China and probably lasts just as long as well.

Which paragraph discusses using a hamburger to teach about bad eating habits?

Passage 24 : Fast food

1) Fast food restaurants, especially some American chains, One of have become very popular all over the world. the most famous produces a meal especially designed for children called a "Children's Meal." The package contains not only a hamburger and French fries, but also a plastic toy as a prize. Most children beg their parents to take them out for such a treat, preferring it to the more nutritious, if boring, home-cooked meal.
2) What is so special about this fast-food favorite? Well, for one thing, it will last forever, will not rot or mold, and even bacteria will not eat it! It is essentially no different from the plastic toy included with the meal. In April, 2010, New York artist and photographer Sally Davies bought a Children's Meal and left it out on her kitchen shelf to see what would happen to it. She photographed it each week, and by October six months later, it appeared to be exactly the same! The only thing she noted was that the "food" had become as hard as a rock and looked like plastic. Her experiment became famous and is known as "The Children's Meal Art Project."
3) Sally Davies was not the first one to test the durability of a fast-food hamburger. In 2008, a teacher named Karen Hanrahan posted photos on the Internet of a hamburger she purchased at the famous fast-food chain in 1996. After 12 years, the burger looked exactly the same as the day she bought it. The bun was a bit harder, and the burger itself was beginning to crumble, but essentially, it was unchanged. She still keeps this hamburger and shows it to her classes to teach them about the dangers of eating such "non-food". she tells them that this is a chemical food, and there is absolutely no nutrition in it, nothing of value for the health of the human body. stomach. It does nothing more than fill your stomach. It is certainly not a treat," she says.
4) When we read the list of ingredients in all these so-called meals and burgers, we must wonder why there are tens of different chemicals, preservatives artificial flavors and so on along with the potato, meat, cheese and bread ingredients. This American-based fast food chain ships all its food from large central factories to branches throughout the entire world. One of their hamburgers here tastes exactly the same as it does in China and probably lasts just as long as well.

Which of the following is TRUE?

Passage 24 : Fast food

1) Fast food restaurants, especially some American chains, One of have become very popular all over the world. the most famous produces a meal especially designed for children called a "Children's Meal." The package contains not only a hamburger and French fries, but also a plastic toy as a prize. Most children beg their parents to take them out for such a treat, preferring it to the more nutritious, if boring, home-cooked meal.
2) What is so special about this fast-food favorite? Well, for one thing, it will last forever, will not rot or mold, and even bacteria will not eat it! It is essentially no different from the plastic toy included with the meal. In April, 2010, New York artist and photographer Sally Davies bought a Children's Meal and left it out on her kitchen shelf to see what would happen to it. She photographed it each week, and by October six months later, it appeared to be exactly the same! The only thing she noted was that the "food" had become as hard as a rock and looked like plastic. Her experiment became famous and is known as "The Children's Meal Art Project."
3) Sally Davies was not the first one to test the durability of a fast-food hamburger. In 2008, a teacher named Karen Hanrahan posted photos on the Internet of a hamburger she purchased at the famous fast-food chain in 1996. After 12 years, the burger looked exactly the same as the day she bought it. The bun was a bit harder, and the burger itself was beginning to crumble, but essentially, it was unchanged. She still keeps this hamburger and shows it to her classes to teach them about the dangers of eating such "non-food". she tells them that this is a chemical food, and there is absolutely no nutrition in it, nothing of value for the health of the human body. stomach. It does nothing more than fill your stomach. It is certainly not a treat," she says.
4) When we read the list of ingredients in all these so-called meals and burgers, we must wonder why there are tens of different chemicals, preservatives artificial flavors and so on along with the potato, meat, cheese and bread ingredients. This American-based fast food chain ships all its food from large central factories to branches throughout the entire world. One of their hamburgers here tastes exactly the same as it does in China and probably lasts just as long as well.

 According to the passage, why do hamburgers stay the same after a long period?

Passage 25 : Earthquakes in Mount VESUVIUS

1) Volcanologists constantly monitor any changes in levels of seismic activity on Vesuvius because they know that the increase of activity in the deep reservoir of magma causes both earth tremors and volcanic eruptions. Through measuring seismic activity, these scientists expect to predict an approaching eruption months before it happens.
2) The seismic activity of Mount Vesuvius happens again and again, and the longer the intervals between eruptions, the greater the next explosion will be. The frequent but low-level activity of Vesuvius in recent centuries has relieved the build-up of pressure. The catastrophic magnitude of the eruption of AD 79 was connected with the extended period of inactivity before it.

 According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is TRUE?

Passage 25 : Earthquakes in Mount VESUVIUS

1) Volcanologists constantly monitor any changes in levels of seismic activity on Vesuvius because they know that the increase of activity in the deep reservoir of magma causes both earth tremors and volcanic eruptions. Through measuring seismic activity, these scientists expect to predict an approaching eruption months before it happens.
2) The seismic activity of Mount Vesuvius happens again and again, and the longer the intervals between eruptions, the greater the next explosion will be. The frequent but low-level activity of Vesuvius in recent centuries has relieved the build-up of pressure. The catastrophic magnitude of the eruption of AD 79 was connected with the extended period of inactivity before it.

According to Paragraph 2), why was the eruption in 79AD so severe?

Passage 26 : Ships

1) There are few ships as beautiful and graceful as an Arab dhow under full sail. They are sleek, fast, and easy to control with these vessels, Arab sailors maintained extensive trade links in dangerous seas all the way from Africa to China. The great contribution they made to Europe's development was simple-their triangular lateen" sail.
2) In the 15th century, most European ships used only square sails. Because of this they were only able to sail1 effectively when the wind was almost directly behind them. Prince Henry of Portugal borrowed ideas from the Arab dhow and designed ships that used Arab lateen sails on European hulls. With this improvement, European explorers could go farther faster and sail into the wind. Consequently, they became much more effective. Columbus's three ships all used this borrowed technology on their first voyage to America.

The pronoun they in Paragraph 1), refers to……...

Passage 26 : Ships

1) There are few ships as beautiful and graceful as an Arab dhow under full sail. They are sleek, fast, and easy to control with these vessels, Arab sailors maintained extensive trade links in dangerous seas all the way from Africa to China. The great contribution they made to Europe's development was simple-their triangular lateen" sail.
2) In the 15th century, most European ships used only square sails. Because of this they were only able to sail1 effectively when the wind was almost directly behind them. Prince Henry of Portugal borrowed ideas from the Arab dhow and designed ships that used Arab lateen sails on European hulls. With this improvement, European explorers could go farther faster and sail into the wind. Consequently, they became much more effective. Columbus's three ships all used this borrowed technology on their first voyage to America.

The phrase this improvement in Paragraph 2), refers to…...

Passage 26 : Ships

1) There are few ships as beautiful and graceful as an Arab dhow under full sail. They are sleek, fast, and easy to control with these vessels, Arab sailors maintained extensive trade links in dangerous seas all the way from Africa to China. The great contribution they made to Europe's development was simple-their triangular lateen" sail.
2) In the 15th century, most European ships used only square sails. Because of this they were only able to sail1 effectively when the wind was almost directly behind them. Prince Henry of Portugal borrowed ideas from the Arab dhow and designed ships that used Arab lateen sails on European hulls. With this improvement, European explorers could go farther faster and sail into the wind. Consequently, they became much more effective. Columbus's three ships all used this borrowed technology on their first voyage to America.

The author's purpose in Paragraph 2) is to…………

Passage 27 : Traditional foods

 Most old people are very pleased that our traditional foods, which disappeared from our society for some time, are now returning.

 Traditional foods are now…………

Passage 28 : Menu

Meat: 35 SR
Fish 25 SR
Chicken: 15 SR
Sandwich: 9.50 SR

If Khalid has 10 riyals he could buy ….

Passage 29 : Air

1- Air is the ocean we breathe. It supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies. Air is made up of a mixture of nitrogen, Oxygen, water vapor and inert gases. Human activities release substances into the air and some of these can cause problems for humans, Plants and animals. These Problems are usually referred to as air pollution.
2- There are several problems that result from air pollution. The main ones we usually hear about are smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect and "holes" in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the environment as a whole.
3- The release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy is often discussed as a huge problem. Diesel smoke is a good example of the particulate matter that results in this pollution. The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or 0.0001 centimeter. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as "Black Carbon"
pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air Authorities also believe that the burning of the wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques release significant quantities of soot into the air.
4- Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, as well as chemical vapors. These take part in chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, resulting in smog and acid rain.
5- We must also consider air pollution inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some pollutants are created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. Most people spend about 80-90% of their time inside buildings. That means our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollutions.

According to Paragraph 1), which of the following are constituents of air?

Passage 29 : Air

1- Air is the ocean we breathe. It supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies. Air is made up of a mixture of nitrogen, Oxygen, water vapor and inert gases. Human activities release substances into the air and some of these can cause problems for humans, Plants and animals. These Problems are usually referred to as air pollution.
2- There are several problems that result from air pollution. The main ones we usually hear about are smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect and "holes" in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the environment as a whole.
3- The release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy is often discussed as a huge problem. Diesel smoke is a good example of the particulate matter that results in this pollution. The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or 0.0001 centimeter. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as "Black Carbon"
pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air Authorities also believe that the burning of the wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques release significant quantities of soot into the air.
4- Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, as well as chemical vapors. These take part in chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, resulting in smog and acid rain.
5- We must also consider air pollution inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some pollutants are created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. Most people spend about 80-90% of their time inside buildings. That means our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollutions.

The word essential in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ......

Passage 29 : Air

1- Air is the ocean we breathe. It supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies. Air is made up of a mixture of nitrogen, Oxygen, water vapor and inert gases. Human activities release substances into the air and some of these can cause problems for humans, Plants and animals. These Problems are usually referred to as air pollution.
2- There are several problems that result from air pollution. The main ones we usually hear about are smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect and "holes" in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the environment as a whole.
3- The release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy is often discussed as a huge problem. Diesel smoke is a good example of the particulate matter that results in this pollution. The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or 0.0001 centimeter. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as "Black Carbon"
pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air Authorities also believe that the burning of the wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques release significant quantities of soot into the air.
4- Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, as well as chemical vapors. These take part in chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, resulting in smog and acid rain.
5- We must also consider air pollution inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some pollutants are created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. Most people spend about 80-90% of their time inside buildings. That means our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollutions.

 What is a good example of particles released into the air that are a source of pollution?

Passage 29 : Air

1- Air is the ocean we breathe. It supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies. Air is made up of a mixture of nitrogen, Oxygen, water vapor and inert gases. Human activities release substances into the air and some of these can cause problems for humans, Plants and animals. These Problems are usually referred to as air pollution.
2- There are several problems that result from air pollution. The main ones we usually hear about are smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect and "holes" in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the environment as a whole.
3- The release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy is often discussed as a huge problem. Diesel smoke is a good example of the particulate matter that results in this pollution. The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or 0.0001 centimeter. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as "Black Carbon"
pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air Authorities also believe that the burning of the wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques release significant quantities of soot into the air.
4- Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, as well as chemical vapors. These take part in chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, resulting in smog and acid rain.
5- We must also consider air pollution inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some pollutants are created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. Most people spend about 80-90% of their time inside buildings. That means our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollutions.

What is pollution resulting from diesel smoke called?

Passage 29 : Air

1- Air is the ocean we breathe. It supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies. Air is made up of a mixture of nitrogen, Oxygen, water vapor and inert gases. Human activities release substances into the air and some of these can cause problems for humans, Plants and animals. These Problems are usually referred to as air pollution.
2- There are several problems that result from air pollution. The main ones we usually hear about are smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect and "holes" in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the environment as a whole.
3- The release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy is often discussed as a huge problem. Diesel smoke is a good example of the particulate matter that results in this pollution. The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or 0.0001 centimeter. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as "Black Carbon"
pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air Authorities also believe that the burning of the wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques release significant quantities of soot into the air.
4- Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, as well as chemical vapors. These take part in chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, resulting in smog and acid rain.
5- We must also consider air pollution inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some pollutants are created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. Most people spend about 80-90% of their time inside buildings. That means our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollutions.

Indoor air pollution can be more serious than outdoor pollution because people ........

Passage 30: How do animals sleep?

1) All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activity and stays quiet and unmoving - if it looks as though it is sleeping - then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?
2) They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes whereas fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed sleeping with one eye or both eyes partially open. Animals don't necessarily lie down to sleep either Elephant for example often sleep standing up with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while sleeping animals often seem unaware of changes in the sound and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.
3) Observation alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from scientists doing experiments in sleep laboratories using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEG). The machine is connected to the animals measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do steep.
4) There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals like chimpanzees, cats and moles who live underground) are good sleepers while others like sheep, goats and donkeys are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be afraid.

 Which of the following statements gives the main idea of the passage?

Passage 30: How do animals sleep?

1) All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activity and stays quiet and unmoving - if it looks as though it is sleeping - then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?
2) They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes whereas fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed sleeping with one eye or both eyes partially open. Animals don't necessarily lie down to sleep either Elephant for example often sleep standing up with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while sleeping animals often seem unaware of changes in the sound and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.
3) Observation alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from scientists doing experiments in sleep laboratories using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEG). The machine is connected to the animals measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do steep.
4) There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals like chimpanzees, cats and moles who live underground) are good sleepers while others like sheep, goats and donkeys are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be afraid.

All animals. ......

Passage 30: How do animals sleep?

1) All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activity and stays quiet and unmoving - if it looks as though it is sleeping - then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?
2) They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes whereas fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed sleeping with one eye or both eyes partially open. Animals don't necessarily lie down to sleep either Elephant for example often sleep standing up with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while sleeping animals often seem unaware of changes in the sound and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.
3) Observation alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from scientists doing experiments in sleep laboratories using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEG). The machine is connected to the animals measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do steep.
4) There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals like chimpanzees, cats and moles who live underground) are good sleepers while others like sheep, goats and donkeys are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be afraid.

 The word clues in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ........

Passage 30: How do animals sleep?

1) All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activity and stays quiet and unmoving - if it looks as though it is sleeping - then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?
2) They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes whereas fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed sleeping with one eye or both eyes partially open. Animals don't necessarily lie down to sleep either Elephant for example often sleep standing up with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while sleeping animals often seem unaware of changes in the sound and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.
3) Observation alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from scientists doing experiments in sleep laboratories using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEG). The machine is connected to the animals measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do steep.
4) There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals like chimpanzees, cats and moles who live underground) are good sleepers while others like sheep, goats and donkeys are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be afraid.

 According to Paragraph 2), cows and horses, while sleeping, are two examples of animals that . ....

Passage 30: How do animals sleep?

1) All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activity and stays quiet and unmoving - if it looks as though it is sleeping - then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?
2) They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes whereas fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed sleeping with one eye or both eyes partially open. Animals don't necessarily lie down to sleep either Elephant for example often sleep standing up with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while sleeping animals often seem unaware of changes in the sound and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.
3) Observation alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from scientists doing experiments in sleep laboratories using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEG). The machine is connected to the animals measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do steep.
4) There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals like chimpanzees, cats and moles who live underground) are good sleepers while others like sheep, goats and donkeys are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be afraid.

 The word dozing in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ......

Passage 30: How do animals sleep?

1) All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activity and stays quiet and unmoving - if it looks as though it is sleeping - then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?
2) They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes whereas fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed sleeping with one eye or both eyes partially open. Animals don't necessarily lie down to sleep either Elephant for example often sleep standing up with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while sleeping animals often seem unaware of changes in the sound and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.
3) Observation alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from scientists doing experiments in sleep laboratories using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEG). The machine is connected to the animals measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do steep.
4) There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals like chimpanzees, cats and moles who live underground) are good sleepers while others like sheep, goats and donkeys are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be afraid.

 According to Paragraph 2), the elephant is an example of an animal that .

Passage 30: How do animals sleep?

1) All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activity and stays quiet and unmoving - if it looks as though it is sleeping - then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?
2) They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes whereas fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed sleeping with one eye or both eyes partially open. Animals don't necessarily lie down to sleep either Elephant for example often sleep standing up with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while sleeping animals often seem unaware of changes in the sound and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.
3) Observation alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from scientists doing experiments in sleep laboratories using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEG). The machine is connected to the animals measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do steep.
4) There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals like chimpanzees, cats and moles who live underground) are good sleepers while others like sheep, goats and donkeys are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be afraid.

 The word stimuli in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to

Passage 30: How do animals sleep?

1) All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activity and stays quiet and unmoving - if it looks as though it is sleeping - then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?
2) They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes whereas fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed sleeping with one eye or both eyes partially open. Animals don't necessarily lie down to sleep either Elephant for example often sleep standing up with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while sleeping animals often seem unaware of changes in the sound and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.
3) Observation alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from scientists doing experiments in sleep laboratories using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEG). The machine is connected to the animals measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do steep.
4) There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals like chimpanzees, cats and moles who live underground) are good sleepers while others like sheep, goats and donkeys are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be afraid.

Which of the following sentences is NOT TRUE according to Paragraph 2)?

Passage 30: How do animals sleep?

1) All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activity and stays quiet and unmoving - if it looks as though it is sleeping - then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?
2) They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes whereas fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed sleeping with one eye or both eyes partially open. Animals don't necessarily lie down to sleep either Elephant for example often sleep standing up with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while sleeping animals often seem unaware of changes in the sound and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.
3) Observation alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from scientists doing experiments in sleep laboratories using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEG). The machine is connected to the animals measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do steep.
4) There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals like chimpanzees, cats and moles who live underground) are good sleepers while others like sheep, goats and donkeys are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be afraid.

 According to Paragraph 3), what is the best way to tell if an animal is asleep?

Passage 30: How do animals sleep?

1) All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activity and stays quiet and unmoving - if it looks as though it is sleeping - then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?
2) They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes whereas fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed sleeping with one eye or both eyes partially open. Animals don't necessarily lie down to sleep either Elephant for example often sleep standing up with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while sleeping animals often seem unaware of changes in the sound and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.
3) Observation alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from scientists doing experiments in sleep laboratories using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEG). The machine is connected to the animals measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do steep.
4) There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals like chimpanzees, cats and moles who live underground) are good sleepers while others like sheep, goats and donkeys are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be afraid.

 According to Paragraph 4), snakes.........

Passage 30: How do animals sleep?

1) All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activity and stays quiet and unmoving - if it looks as though it is sleeping - then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?
2) They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes whereas fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed sleeping with one eye or both eyes partially open. Animals don't necessarily lie down to sleep either Elephant for example often sleep standing up with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while sleeping animals often seem unaware of changes in the sound and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.
3) Observation alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from scientists doing experiments in sleep laboratories using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEG). The machine is connected to the animals measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do steep.
4) There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals like chimpanzees, cats and moles who live underground) are good sleepers while others like sheep, goats and donkeys are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be afraid.

 According to Paragraph 4), which of the following animals DON'T sleep much?

Passage 30: How do animals sleep?

1) All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activity and stays quiet and unmoving - if it looks as though it is sleeping - then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?
2) They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes whereas fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed sleeping with one eye or both eyes partially open. Animals don't necessarily lie down to sleep either Elephant for example often sleep standing up with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while sleeping animals often seem unaware of changes in the sound and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.
3) Observation alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from scientists doing experiments in sleep laboratories using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEG). The machine is connected to the animals measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do steep.
4) There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals like chimpanzees, cats and moles who live underground) are good sleepers while others like sheep, goats and donkeys are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be afraid.

 According to Paragraph 4, some animals are better sleepers than others because they….........

Passage 31 : The King Faisal Prize

The King Faisal Prize is an annual award sponsored by King Faisal Foundation allocates to "dedicated men and women whose contributions make a positive difference".
It is held once a year in January of each year and the handover ceremony is within two months of the announcement of the winner.
The foundation awards prizes in five categories: Service to Islam; Islamic studies; the Arabic language and Arabic literature; science; and medicine.
The prize in each of the five categories consists of: cash, medal, or even certificates.
The number of people who received the Faisal Prize 253 represents 44 countries. A son of King Faisal Serves as chairman of the King Faisal Prize.

According to paragraph 1), the King Faisal Prize is awarded ……

Passage 31 : The King Faisal Prize

The King Faisal Prize is an annual award sponsored by King Faisal Foundation allocates to "dedicated men and women whose contributions make a positive difference".
It is held once a year in January of each year and the handover ceremony is within two months of the announcement of the winner.
The foundation awards prizes in five categories: Service to Islam; Islamic studies; the Arabic language and Arabic literature; science; and medicine.
The prize in each of the five categories consists of: cash, medal, or even certificates.
The number of people who received the Faisal Prize 253 represents 44 countries. A son of King Faisal Serves as chairman of the King Faisal Prize.

The recipients of the King Faisal Prize receive……......

Passage 31 : The King Faisal Prize

The King Faisal Prize is an annual award sponsored by King Faisal Foundation allocates to "dedicated men and women whose contributions make a positive difference".
It is held once a year in January of each year and the handover ceremony is within two months of the announcement of the winner.
The foundation awards prizes in five categories: Service to Islam; Islamic studies; the Arabic language and Arabic literature; science; and medicine.
The prize in each of the five categories consists of: cash, medal, or even certificates.
The number of people who received the Faisal Prize 253 represents 44 countries. A son of King Faisal Serves as chairman of the King Faisal Prize.

According to paragraph 2), a son of King Faisal ……..

Passage 31 : The King Faisal Prize

The King Faisal Prize is an annual award sponsored by King Faisal Foundation allocates to "dedicated men and women whose contributions make a positive difference".
It is held once a year in January of each year and the handover ceremony is within two months of the announcement of the winner.
The foundation awards prizes in five categories: Service to Islam; Islamic studies; the Arabic language and Arabic literature; science; and medicine.
The prize in each of the five categories consists of: cash, medal, or even certificates.
The number of people who received the Faisal Prize 253 represents 44 countries. A son of King Faisal Serves as chairman of the King Faisal Prize.

 The word “allocates” in paragraph 2), is closest in meaning to ……

Passage 32 : A member of the body

" It's a J-shaped organ that stores and digests food "

 Which body part is being described?

Passage 33 : Agriculture in the past and present

A comparison was made between cultivation in the past in 1900 and the present time. Where it was found that in the year 1900, 40% of the workers were working in the field of agriculture, and farmers were producing per day enough food for an average of 5 people, for themselves and their families, and working manually. But at the moment there is much more equipment, machinery and production.

 The word “themselves” in paragraph 1) refers to ……...

Passage 33 : Agriculture in the past and present

A comparison was made between cultivation in the past in 1900 and the present time. Where it was found that in the year 1900, 40% of the workers were working in the field of agriculture, and farmers were producing per day enough food for an average of 5 people, for themselves and their families, and working manually. But at the moment there is much more equipment, machinery and production.

Which of the following does NOT characterize farming in 1990?

Passage 34 : A blood types

(1) A blood type also called (a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells RBCs). You can receive blood from a donor with the same blood type as you. You can also receive blood from a donor with a compatible blood type. There are different systems to classify blood types. In ABO system, we have four main types:

-Type A blood has the Group A antigens and makes antibodies to fight Group B blood.

-Type B blood has the Group B antigens and makes antibodies to fight Group A blood.

-Type AB blood has both Groups A and B antigens, but doesn't make antibodies for either one.

-Type O blood doesn't have either type of antigen.
(2) So, who can receive and who can donate in ABO system?
Type A only receives from A and O. Blood type B receives only B and O.
AB blood type receives all types, and only can donate to people with type AB blood. Type O blood receives only from O. Blood type O negative is given to all blood types

Which of the following is not TRUE about the ABO system?

Passage 34 : A blood types

(1) A blood type also called (a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells RBCs). You can receive blood from a donor with the same blood type as you. You can also receive blood from a donor with a compatible blood type. There are different systems to classify blood types. In ABO system, we have four main types:

-Type A blood has the Group A antigens and makes antibodies to fight Group B blood.

-Type B blood has the Group B antigens and makes antibodies to fight Group A blood.

-Type AB blood has both Groups A and B antigens, but doesn't make antibodies for either one.

-Type O blood doesn't have either type of antigen.
(2) So, who can receive and who can donate in ABO system?
Type A only receives from A and O. Blood type B receives only B and O.
AB blood type receives all types, and only can donate to people with type AB blood. Type O blood receives only from O. Blood type O negative is given to all blood types

 The word “compatible” in paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to

Passage 34 : A blood types

(1) A blood type also called (a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells RBCs). You can receive blood from a donor with the same blood type as you. You can also receive blood from a donor with a compatible blood type. There are different systems to classify blood types. In ABO system, we have four main types:

-Type A blood has the Group A antigens and makes antibodies to fight Group B blood.

-Type B blood has the Group B antigens and makes antibodies to fight Group A blood.

-Type AB blood has both Groups A and B antigens, but doesn't make antibodies for either one.

-Type O blood doesn't have either type of antigen.
(2) So, who can receive and who can donate in ABO system?
Type A only receives from A and O. Blood type B receives only B and O.
AB blood type receives all types, and only can donate to people with type AB blood. Type O blood receives only from O. Blood type O negative is given to all blood types

Which blood type can accept from any other blood type?

Passage 35 : King Fahd Causeway

(1) King Fahd Causeway is a sea bridge that connects the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the Kingdom of Bahrain. The idea of building a bridge linking the Kingdom of Bahrain to the Eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was born out of King Saud's wish to develop and further solidify the links between the two Kingdoms, during an official visit to the State of Bahrain in 1954.
(2) In 1965, the desire to construct the causeway began to take form officially when Sheikh Khalifah bin Salman Al Khalifah the Prime Minister of the State of Bahrain paid a courtesy visit to King Faisal and the king expressed his wish to have the causeway constructed.
(3) In 1968, both countries formed a joint committee. They formed it to assess the financial undertaking required for the task. As a result, the World Bank was requested by the committee to contribute their assistance in methods of implementation of the mammoth-sized project. This required taking into account the environmental and geographical aspects of the Saudi-Bahrain region.
(4) In the summer of 1973, King Faisal, in a meeting which included Amir ShaikhIsa bin Salman Al Khalifa as well as the then prince, Fahd bin Abdul Aziz and Shaikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, suggested that committee overlook the economic and financial aspects of the project and concentrate on the actual construction of the causeway.
(5) In 1975, the World Bank submitted its study and advice after seeking assistance from specialist international expertise in studying the geographic, environmental factors and maritime currents. In the spring of 1976, during a visit by King Khalid bin Abdul Aziz to Shaikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the two monarchs agreed to set up a ministerial committee from the two countries to work on the implementation of the project.

The best title for this passage is ……

Passage 35 : King Fahd Causeway

(1) King Fahd Causeway is a sea bridge that connects the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the Kingdom of Bahrain. The idea of building a bridge linking the Kingdom of Bahrain to the Eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was born out of King Saud's wish to develop and further solidify the links between the two Kingdoms, during an official visit to the State of Bahrain in 1954.
(2) In 1965, the desire to construct the causeway began to take form officially when Sheikh Khalifah bin Salman Al Khalifah the Prime Minister of the State of Bahrain paid a courtesy visit to King Faisal and the king expressed his wish to have the causeway constructed.
(3) In 1968, both countries formed a joint committee. They formed it to assess the financial undertaking required for the task. As a result, the World Bank was requested by the committee to contribute their assistance in methods of implementation of the mammoth-sized project. This required taking into account the environmental and geographical aspects of the Saudi-Bahrain region.
(4) In the summer of 1973, King Faisal, in a meeting which included Amir ShaikhIsa bin Salman Al Khalifa as well as the then prince, Fahd bin Abdul Aziz and Shaikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, suggested that committee overlook the economic and financial aspects of the project and concentrate on the actual construction of the causeway.
(5) In 1975, the World Bank submitted its study and advice after seeking assistance from specialist international expertise in studying the geographic, environmental factors and maritime currents. In the spring of 1976, during a visit by King Khalid bin Abdul Aziz to Shaikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the two monarchs agreed to set up a ministerial committee from the two countries to work on the implementation of the project.

According to paragraphs 1) and 2), the plan to build a bridge was first visualized by .......

Passage 35 : King Fahd Causeway

(1) King Fahd Causeway is a sea bridge that connects the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the Kingdom of Bahrain. The idea of building a bridge linking the Kingdom of Bahrain to the Eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was born out of King Saud's wish to develop and further solidify the links between the two Kingdoms, during an official visit to the State of Bahrain in 1954.
(2) In 1965, the desire to construct the causeway began to take form officially when Sheikh Khalifah bin Salman Al Khalifah the Prime Minister of the State of Bahrain paid a courtesy visit to King Faisal and the king expressed his wish to have the causeway constructed.
(3) In 1968, both countries formed a joint committee. They formed it to assess the financial undertaking required for the task. As a result, the World Bank was requested by the committee to contribute their assistance in methods of implementation of the mammoth-sized project. This required taking into account the environmental and geographical aspects of the Saudi-Bahrain region.
(4) In the summer of 1973, King Faisal, in a meeting which included Amir ShaikhIsa bin Salman Al Khalifa as well as the then prince, Fahd bin Abdul Aziz and Shaikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, suggested that committee overlook the economic and financial aspects of the project and concentrate on the actual construction of the causeway.
(5) In 1975, the World Bank submitted its study and advice after seeking assistance from specialist international expertise in studying the geographic, environmental factors and maritime currents. In the spring of 1976, during a visit by King Khalid bin Abdul Aziz to Shaikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the two monarchs agreed to set up a ministerial committee from the two countries to work on the implementation of the project.

The word “it” in paragraph 3) refers to ……...

Passage 35 : King Fahd Causeway

(1) King Fahd Causeway is a sea bridge that connects the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the Kingdom of Bahrain. The idea of building a bridge linking the Kingdom of Bahrain to the Eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was born out of King Saud's wish to develop and further solidify the links between the two Kingdoms, during an official visit to the State of Bahrain in 1954.
(2) In 1965, the desire to construct the causeway began to take form officially when Sheikh Khalifah bin Salman Al Khalifah the Prime Minister of the State of Bahrain paid a courtesy visit to King Faisal and the king expressed his wish to have the causeway constructed.
(3) In 1968, both countries formed a joint committee. They formed it to assess the financial undertaking required for the task. As a result, the World Bank was requested by the committee to contribute their assistance in methods of implementation of the mammoth-sized project. This required taking into account the environmental and geographical aspects of the Saudi-Bahrain region.
(4) In the summer of 1973, King Faisal, in a meeting which included Amir ShaikhIsa bin Salman Al Khalifa as well as the then prince, Fahd bin Abdul Aziz and Shaikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, suggested that committee overlook the economic and financial aspects of the project and concentrate on the actual construction of the causeway.
(5) In 1975, the World Bank submitted its study and advice after seeking assistance from specialist international expertise in studying the geographic, environmental factors and maritime currents. In the spring of 1976, during a visit by King Khalid bin Abdul Aziz to Shaikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the two monarchs agreed to set up a ministerial committee from the two countries to work on the implementation of the project.

 It can be understood from paragraph 3) that the World Bank provided

Passage 35 : King Fahd Causeway

(1) King Fahd Causeway is a sea bridge that connects the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the Kingdom of Bahrain. The idea of building a bridge linking the Kingdom of Bahrain to the Eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was born out of King Saud's wish to develop and further solidify the links between the two Kingdoms, during an official visit to the State of Bahrain in 1954.
(2) In 1965, the desire to construct the causeway began to take form officially when Sheikh Khalifah bin Salman Al Khalifah the Prime Minister of the State of Bahrain paid a courtesy visit to King Faisal and the king expressed his wish to have the causeway constructed.
(3) In 1968, both countries formed a joint committee. They formed it to assess the financial undertaking required for the task. As a result, the World Bank was requested by the committee to contribute their assistance in methods of implementation of the mammoth-sized project. This required taking into account the environmental and geographical aspects of the Saudi-Bahrain region.
(4) In the summer of 1973, King Faisal, in a meeting which included Amir ShaikhIsa bin Salman Al Khalifa as well as the then prince, Fahd bin Abdul Aziz and Shaikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, suggested that committee overlook the economic and financial aspects of the project and concentrate on the actual construction of the causeway.
(5) In 1975, the World Bank submitted its study and advice after seeking assistance from specialist international expertise in studying the geographic, environmental factors and maritime currents. In the spring of 1976, during a visit by King Khalid bin Abdul Aziz to Shaikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the two monarchs agreed to set up a ministerial committee from the two countries to work on the implementation of the project.

According to the passage which of the following is NOT found at the border station?

Passage 35 : King Fahd Causeway

(1) King Fahd Causeway is a sea bridge that connects the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the Kingdom of Bahrain. The idea of building a bridge linking the Kingdom of Bahrain to the Eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was born out of King Saud's wish to develop and further solidify the links between the two Kingdoms, during an official visit to the State of Bahrain in 1954.
(2) In 1965, the desire to construct the causeway began to take form officially when Sheikh Khalifah bin Salman Al Khalifah the Prime Minister of the State of Bahrain paid a courtesy visit to King Faisal and the king expressed his wish to have the causeway constructed.
(3) In 1968, both countries formed a joint committee. They formed it to assess the financial undertaking required for the task. As a result, the World Bank was requested by the committee to contribute their assistance in methods of implementation of the mammoth-sized project. This required taking into account the environmental and geographical aspects of the Saudi-Bahrain region.
(4) In the summer of 1973, King Faisal, in a meeting which included Amir ShaikhIsa bin Salman Al Khalifa as well as the then prince, Fahd bin Abdul Aziz and Shaikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, suggested that committee overlook the economic and financial aspects of the project and concentrate on the actual construction of the causeway.
(5) In 1975, the World Bank submitted its study and advice after seeking assistance from specialist international expertise in studying the geographic, environmental factors and maritime currents. In the spring of 1976, during a visit by King Khalid bin Abdul Aziz to Shaikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the two monarchs agreed to set up a ministerial committee from the two countries to work on the implementation of the project.

An additional paragraph at the end of the passage would most likely be about …..

Passage 35 : King Fahd Causeway

(1) King Fahd Causeway is a sea bridge that connects the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the Kingdom of Bahrain. The idea of building a bridge linking the Kingdom of Bahrain to the Eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was born out of King Saud's wish to develop and further solidify the links between the two Kingdoms, during an official visit to the State of Bahrain in 1954.
(2) In 1965, the desire to construct the causeway began to take form officially when Sheikh Khalifah bin Salman Al Khalifah the Prime Minister of the State of Bahrain paid a courtesy visit to King Faisal and the king expressed his wish to have the causeway constructed.
(3) In 1968, both countries formed a joint committee. They formed it to assess the financial undertaking required for the task. As a result, the World Bank was requested by the committee to contribute their assistance in methods of implementation of the mammoth-sized project. This required taking into account the environmental and geographical aspects of the Saudi-Bahrain region.
(4) In the summer of 1973, King Faisal, in a meeting which included Amir ShaikhIsa bin Salman Al Khalifa as well as the then prince, Fahd bin Abdul Aziz and Shaikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, suggested that committee overlook the economic and financial aspects of the project and concentrate on the actual construction of the causeway.
(5) In 1975, the World Bank submitted its study and advice after seeking assistance from specialist international expertise in studying the geographic, environmental factors and maritime currents. In the spring of 1976, during a visit by King Khalid bin Abdul Aziz to Shaikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the two monarchs agreed to set up a ministerial committee from the two countries to work on the implementation of the project.

An additional paragraph at the end of the passage would most likely be about …..

Passage 36 : Sale advertisement

For sale
model 2011 / 5-door /
manual
White
88.500 km

This is an advertisement for a …..

Passage 37 : Workshop and Khalid

(1) Khalid attended a weekend workshop on mind fullness training and it had been great. He felt he had really benefited from what he had learned. Mindfulness is basically a way to discipline and control one's actions in such a way that they are always in line with one's goals. The first thing he had learned was that for attentive mindfulness, a person's goals in life must be clearly thought out and selected. Once that is done, the next step is to keep all details on how we spend our energy in a state of conscious awareness. The result is that we are always on target. The most insignificant detail then becomes an effortless expenditure of energy that keeps us in line with our goals.
(2) As the weekend came to an end, Khalid thanked those and conducted the workshop. He also thanked the other participants who had shared the weekend with him. He affirmed that he valuable lessons in maintaining who had made presentations had indeed learned. They would like his two daughters. He and his wife had been searching for some special lamps for their bedrooms, but hadn't been able to find what the girls wanted. In the big city he found exactly what each of them had said they wanted, and on top of that, he knew his wife would be more than pleased with the beautiful necklace and earrings he had purchased.
(3) On and on he drove. Suddenly, a shocking realization came to him an hour after he had been on the road. His bag! He had left it behind at the hotel. On his way to the car with the bag. he had decided to stop in the gift shop and pick up something to eat in case he got hungry while driving. From the gift shop he went directly to his car without the bag. There was nothing to do but turnaround and go back to the hotel to get it. His four- hour drive would now be considerably longer than four

When was the workshop?

Passage 37 : Workshop and Khalid

(1) Khalid attended a weekend workshop on mind fullness training and it had been great. He felt he had really benefited from what he had learned. Mindfulness is basically a way to discipline and control one's actions in such a way that they are always in line with one's goals. The first thing he had learned was that for attentive mindfulness, a person's goals in life must be clearly thought out and selected. Once that is done, the next step is to keep all details on how we spend our energy in a state of conscious awareness. The result is that we are always on target. The most insignificant detail then becomes an effortless expenditure of energy that keeps us in line with our goals.
(2) As the weekend came to an end, Khalid thanked those and conducted the workshop. He also thanked the other participants who had shared the weekend with him. He affirmed that he valuable lessons in maintaining who had made presentations had indeed learned. They would like his two daughters. He and his wife had been searching for some special lamps for their bedrooms, but hadn't been able to find what the girls wanted. In the big city he found exactly what each of them had said they wanted, and on top of that, he knew his wife would be more than pleased with the beautiful necklace and earrings he had purchased.
(3) On and on he drove. Suddenly, a shocking realization came to him an hour after he had been on the road. His bag! He had left it behind at the hotel. On his way to the car with the bag. he had decided to stop in the gift shop and pick up something to eat in case he got hungry while driving. From the gift shop he went directly to his car without the bag. There was nothing to do but turnaround and go back to the hotel to get it. His four- hour drive would now be considerably longer than four.

The word effortless in paragraph 1, is closest in meaning to.....

Passage 37 : Workshop and Khalid

(1) Khalid attended a weekend workshop on mind fullness training and it had been great. He felt he had really benefited from what he had learned. Mindfulness is basically a way to discipline and control one's actions in such a way that they are always in line with one's goals. The first thing he had learned was that for attentive mindfulness, a person's goals in life must be clearly thought out and selected. Once that is done, the next step is to keep all details on how we spend our energy in a state of conscious awareness. The result is that we are always on target. The most insignificant detail then becomes an effortless expenditure of energy that keeps us in line with our goals.
(2) As the weekend came to an end, Khalid thanked those and conducted the workshop. He also thanked the other participants who had shared the weekend with him. He affirmed that he valuable lessons in maintaining who had made presentations had indeed learned. They would like his two daughters. He and his wife had been searching for some special lamps for their bedrooms, but hadn't been able to find what the girls wanted. In the big city he found exactly what each of them had said they wanted, and on top of that, he knew his wife would be more than pleased with the beautiful necklace and earrings he had purchased.
(3) On and on he drove. Suddenly, a shocking realization came to him an hour after he had been on the road. His bag! He had left it behind at the hotel. On his way to the car with the bag. he had decided to stop in the gift shop and pick up something to eat in case he got hungry while driving. From the gift shop he went directly to his car without the bag. There was nothing to do but turnaround and go back to the hotel to get it. His four- hour drive would now be considerably longer than four.

According to paragraph 2, to whom did Khalid expected his appreciation for the workshop?

Passage 37 : Workshop and Khalid

(1) Khalid attended a weekend workshop on mind fullness training and it had been great. He felt he had really benefited from what he had learned. Mindfulness is basically a way to discipline and control one's actions in such a way that they are always in line with one's goals. The first thing he had learned was that for attentive mindfulness, a person's goals in life must be clearly thought out and selected. Once that is done, the next step is to keep all details on how we spend our energy in a state of conscious awareness. The result is that we are always on target. The most insignificant detail then becomes an effortless expenditure of energy that keeps us in line with our goals.
(2) As the weekend came to an end, Khalid thanked those and conducted the workshop. He also thanked the other participants who had shared the weekend with him. He affirmed that he valuable lessons in maintaining who had made presentations had indeed learned. They would like his two daughters. He and his wife had been searching for some special lamps for their bedrooms, but hadn't been able to find what the girls wanted. In the big city he found exactly what each of them had said they wanted, and on top of that, he knew his wife would be more than pleased with the beautiful necklace and earrings he had purchased.
(3) On and on he drove. Suddenly, a shocking realization came to him an hour after he had been on the road. His bag! He had left it behind at the hotel. On his way to the car with the bag. he had decided to stop in the gift shop and pick up something to eat in case he got hungry while driving. From the gift shop he went directly to his car without the bag. There was nothing to do but turnaround and go back to the hotel to get it. His four- hour drive would now be considerably longer than four.

 According to paragraph 1, Khalid will use what he learned at the workshop to control.....

Passage 37 : Workshop and Khalid

(1) Khalid attended a weekend workshop on mind fullness training and it had been great. He felt he had really benefited from what he had learned. Mindfulness is basically a way to discipline and control one's actions in such a way that they are always in line with one's goals. The first thing he had learned was that for attentive mindfulness, a person's goals in life must be clearly thought out and selected. Once that is done, the next step is to keep all details on how we spend our energy in a state of conscious awareness. The result is that we are always on target. The most insignificant detail then becomes an effortless expenditure of energy that keeps us in line with our goals.
(2) As the weekend came to an end, Khalid thanked those and conducted the workshop. He also thanked the other participants who had shared the weekend with him. He affirmed that he valuable lessons in maintaining who had made presentations had indeed learned. They would like his two daughters. He and his wife had been searching for some special lamps for their bedrooms, but hadn't been able to find what the girls wanted. In the big city he found exactly what each of them had said they wanted, and on top of that, he knew his wife would be more than pleased with the beautiful necklace and earrings he had purchased.
(3) On and on he drove. Suddenly, a shocking realization came to him an hour after he had been on the road. His bag! He had left it behind at the hotel. On his way to the car with the bag. he had decided to stop in the gift shop and pick up something to eat in case he got hungry while driving. From the gift shop he went directly to his car without the bag. There was nothing to do but turnaround and go back to the hotel to get it. His four- hour drive would now be considerably longer than four.

 The word pleased in paragraph 2, is closest in meaning to.......

Passage 37 : Workshop and Khalid

(1) Khalid attended a weekend workshop on mind fullness training and it had been great. He felt he had really benefited from what he had learned. Mindfulness is basically a way to discipline and control one's actions in such a way that they are always in line with one's goals. The first thing he had learned was that for attentive mindfulness, a person's goals in life must be clearly thought out and selected. Once that is done, the next step is to keep all details on how we spend our energy in a state of conscious awareness. The result is that we are always on target. The most insignificant detail then becomes an effortless expenditure of energy that keeps us in line with our goals.
(2) As the weekend came to an end, Khalid thanked those and conducted the workshop. He also thanked the other participants who had shared the weekend with him. He affirmed that he valuable lessons in maintaining who had made presentations had indeed learned. They would like his two daughters. He and his wife had been searching for some special lamps for their bedrooms, but hadn't been able to find what the girls wanted. In the big city he found exactly what each of them had said they wanted, and on top of that, he knew his wife would be more than pleased with the beautiful necklace and earrings he had purchased.
(3) On and on he drove. Suddenly, a shocking realization came to him an hour after he had been on the road. His bag! He had left it behind at the hotel. On his way to the car with the bag. he had decided to stop in the gift shop and pick up something to eat in case he got hungry while driving. From the gift shop he went directly to his car without the bag. There was nothing to do but turnaround and go back to the hotel to get it. His four- hour drive would now be considerably longer than four.

According to paragraphs 3 and 4, how long will it take Khalid to drive home?

Passage 38 : Fish

(1) Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in water. They differ greatly in size, shape, color and habits. Some fish may look like worms, while others may resemble rocks. All the colors of the rainbow can be found in fish. Some fish are very brightly colored while others can be very dull.
(2) Fish can live in almost any conditions of water. They can live in the freezing waters of Antarctica, hot jungle streams, lakes and fast flowing mountain rivers. Nearly all fish get their oxygen from water. Although we cannot see it, water does contain oxygen. To get this oxygen, the fish forces water through its gills. The gills absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the water which then passes out through the gills.
(3) Scientists have found over 21,000 different kinds of fish. They continue to find more species each year. Scientists who study fish are called ichthyologists. Fish are truly amazing animals to study and observe.

What is the main idea of the passage?

Passage 38 : Fish

(1) Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in water. They differ greatly in size, shape, color and habits. Some fish may look like worms, while others may resemble rocks. All the colors of the rainbow can be found in fish. Some fish are very brightly colored while others can be very dull.
(2) Fish can live in almost any conditions of water. They can live in the freezing waters of Antarctica, hot jungle streams, lakes and fast flowing mountain rivers. Nearly all fish get their oxygen from water. Although we cannot see it, water does contain oxygen. To get this oxygen, the fish forces water through its gills. The gills absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the water which then passes out through the gills.
(3) Scientists have found over 21,000 different kinds of fish. They continue to find more species each year. Scientists who study fish are called ichthyologists. Fish are truly amazing animals to study and observe.

The word resemble in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to...............

Passage 38 : Fish

(1) Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in water. They differ greatly in size, shape, color and habits. Some fish may look like worms, while others may resemble rocks. All the colors of the rainbow can be found in fish. Some fish are very brightly colored while others can be very dull.
(2) Fish can live in almost any conditions of water. They can live in the freezing waters of Antarctica, hot jungle streams, lakes and fast flowing mountain rivers. Nearly all fish get their oxygen from water. Although we cannot see it, water does contain oxygen. To get this oxygen, the fish forces water through its gills. The gills absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the water which then passes out through the gills.
(3) Scientists have found over 21,000 different kinds of fish. They continue to find more species each year. Scientists who study fish are called ichthyologists. Fish are truly amazing animals to study and observe.

 The word it in Paragraph 2) refers to ……

Passage 38 : Fish

(1) Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in water. They differ greatly in size, shape, color and habits. Some fish may look like worms, while others may resemble rocks. All the colors of the rainbow can be found in fish. Some fish are very brightly colored while others can be very dull.
(2) Fish can live in almost any conditions of water. They can live in the freezing waters of Antarctica, hot jungle streams, lakes and fast flowing mountain rivers. Nearly all fish get their oxygen from water. Although we cannot see it, water does contain oxygen. To get this oxygen, the fish forces water through its gills. The gills absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the water which then passes out through the gills.
(3) Scientists have found over 21,000 different kinds of fish. They continue to find more species each year. Scientists who study fish are called ichthyologists. Fish are truly amazing animals to study and observe.

According to Paragraph 3), it is expected that in the new Norma the scientists will find more….

Passage 39 : Salt

(1) According to a 700-year-old legend, a princess called the Blessed Kinga threw her ring into a salt mine at Marmaros in Hungary. While travelling from Marmaros to Cracow, she stopped at the neighbour and her servants were told to dig a well. Instead of water, the salt was discovered-and in the first lump of salt which was taken out, Kinga's ring was found!
(2) The legend is just a story - but it is true that for over seven centuries salt has been mined from the rock below the town of Wieliczka. The salt used to be dug out by hand, and until 1620 it was carried up to the surface by the miners. After the chamber was destroyed by fire in 1697, the miners were not allowed to take the wooden statue of the mine, so they began to carve sculptures of rock salt.
(3) Nowadays visitors are shown how salt was mined long ago, and can see the enormous chambers which have been dug out of the solid rock. They can also see pretty green lakes, and chapels with beautiful carvings.

The word legend in paragraph 1, is closest in meaning to......

Passage 39 : Salt

(1) According to a 700-year-old legend, a princess called the Blessed Kinga threw her ring into a salt mine at Marmaros in Hungary. While travelling from Marmaros to Cracow, she stopped at the neighbour and her servants were told to dig a well. Instead of water, the salt was discovered-and in the first lump of salt which was taken out, Kinga's ring was found!
(2) The legend is just a story - but it is true that for over seven centuries salt has been mined from the rock below the town of Wieliczka. The salt used to be dug out by hand, and until 1620 it was carried up to the surface by the miners. After the chamber was destroyed by fire in 1697, the miners were not allowed to take the wooden statue of the mine, so they began to carve sculptures of rock salt.
(3) Nowadays visitors are shown how salt was mined long ago, and can see the enormous chambers which have been dug out of the solid rock. They can also see pretty green lakes, and chapels with beautiful carvings.

According to paragraph I, the legend states that princess Kinga asked her servants to.........

Passage 39 : Salt

(1) According to a 700-year-old legend, a princess called the Blessed Kinga threw her ring into a salt mine at Marmaros in Hungary. While travelling from Marmaros to Cracow, she stopped at the neighbour and her servants were told to dig a well. Instead of water, the salt was discovered-and in the first lump of salt which was taken out, Kinga's ring was found!
(2) The legend is just a story - but it is true that for over seven centuries salt has been mined from the rock below the town of Wieliczka. The salt used to be dug out by hand, and until 1620 it was carried up to the surface by the miners. After the chamber was destroyed by fire in 1697, the miners were not allowed to take the wooden statue of the mine, so they began to carve sculptures of rock salt.
(3) Nowadays visitors are shown how salt was mined long ago, and can see the enormous chambers which have been dug out of the solid rock. They can also see pretty green lakes, and chapels with beautiful carvings.

According to paragraph 1, Kinga's ring was found in.....

Passage 39 : Salt

(1) According to a 700-year-old legend, a princess called the Blessed Kinga threw her ring into a salt mine at Marmaros in Hungary. While travelling from Marmaros to Cracow, she stopped at the neighbour and her servants were told to dig a well. Instead of water, the salt was discovered-and in the first lump of salt which was taken out, Kinga's ring was found!
(2) The legend is just a story - but it is true that for over seven centuries salt has been mined from the rock below the town of Wieliczka. The salt used to be dug out by hand, and until 1620 it was carried up to the surface by the miners. After the chamber was destroyed by fire in 1697, the miners were not allowed to take the wooden statue of the mine, so they began to carve sculptures of rock salt.
(3) Nowadays visitors are shown how salt was mined long ago, and can see the enormous chambers which have been dug out of the solid rock. They can also see pretty green lakes, and chapels with beautiful carvings.

According to paragraph 2, the story about princess Kinga is.....

Passage 39 : Salt

(1) According to a 700-year-old legend, a princess called the Blessed Kinga threw her ring into a salt mine at Marmaros in Hungary. While travelling from Marmaros to Cracow, she stopped at the neighbour and her servants were told to dig a well. Instead of water, the salt was discovered-and in the first lump of salt which was taken out, Kinga's ring was found!
(2) The legend is just a story - but it is true that for over seven centuries salt has been mined from the rock below the town of Wieliczka. The salt used to be dug out by hand, and until 1620 it was carried up to the surface by the miners. After the chamber was destroyed by fire in 1697, the miners were not allowed to take the wooden statue of the mine, so they began to carve sculptures of rock salt.
(3) Nowadays visitors are shown how salt was mined long ago, and can see the enormous chambers which have been dug out of the solid rock. They can also see pretty green lakes, and chapels with beautiful carvings.

According to paragraph 2, what happened in 1697?

Passage 39 : Salt

(1) According to a 700-year-old legend, a princess called the Blessed Kinga threw her ring into a salt mine at Marmaros in Hungary. While travelling from Marmaros to Cracow, she stopped at the neighbour and her servants were told to dig a well. Instead of water, the salt was discovered-and in the first lump of salt which was taken out, Kinga's ring was found!
(2) The legend is just a story - but it is true that for over seven centuries salt has been mined from the rock below the town of Wieliczka. The salt used to be dug out by hand, and until 1620 it was carried up to the surface by the miners. After the chamber was destroyed by fire in 1697, the miners were not allowed to take the wooden statue of the mine, so they began to carve sculptures of rock salt.
(3) Nowadays visitors are shown how salt was mined long ago, and can see the enormous chambers which have been dug out of the solid rock. They can also see pretty green lakes, and chapels with beautiful carvings.

According to par 2, miners made their statues from the rock Salt because it is.....

Passage 40 : Dolphins

(1) Welcome to Dolphin Ocean Park. We're really happy that you are here to learn about the amazing animals we call dolphins. Dolphins are highly intelligent marine mammals and are part of the toothed whale family.
(2) They are found worldwide, some in freshwater rivers, but most species live in shallow areas of oceans worldwide. They are carnivores, eating mostly fish and squid. They use echolocation, bouncing sound off underwater objects, to hunt together. Dolphin coloration varies, but they are generally gray in color with darker backs than the rest of their bodies.

 The people reading this notice are most likely......

Passage 40 : Dolphins

(1) Welcome to Dolphin Ocean Park. We're really happy that you are here to learn about the amazing animals we call dolphins. Dolphins are highly intelligent marine mammals and are part of the toothed whale family.
(2) They are found worldwide, some in freshwater rivers, but most species live in shallow areas of oceans worldwide. They are carnivores, eating mostly fish and squid. They use echolocation, bouncing sound off underwater objects, to hunt together. Dolphin coloration varies, but they are generally gray in color with darker backs than the rest of their bodies.

 It can be understood from the passage that dolphins.......

Passage 41 : Message to Tom

“Steve: Can I come and see you next weekend? Tom: on Friday I am busy, but Saturday will be OK.”

What did Steve ask in his message to Tom?

Passage 42 : Muhammad Ali

1) Muhammad Ali is a famous heavyweight boxer. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, in the USA in 1942. His birth name was Cassius Marcellus Clay. When he was young, he was an amateur boxing champion. In 1960, when he was still an amateur, he won the light heavyweight gold medal at the Olympic games in Rome.
2) After that, Ali became a professional heavyweight boxer. He was 1.88 meters tall and his fighting weight was about 95 kilograms. He had a very successful professional boxing career. In fact, he won the world heavyweight championship three timers. The first time was when he beat the former champion, Sonny Liston, in 1964. In the same year, he became a Muslim and assumed the name Muhammad Ali.
3) In 1967 he refused to be drafted for the Vietnam War. Although a jury in a trial found him guilty, later the Supreme Court said that he had had the right to refuse
4) Ten years later, in 1974, he became world champion again when he beat George Foreman in Zaire. He became champion for the third time in 1978 after beating Leon Spinks All fought his last professional fight in 1981 against Trevor Berbick and then retired from boxing
5) Heavyweight boxers ate usually very strong but not fast, but Ali was very strong and very fast. He said his style was “to float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.” Ali liked to talk a lot and people called him the Louisville Lip.

Ali won an Olympic gold Medal in .....

Passage 42 : Muhammad Ali

1) Muhammad Ali is a famous heavyweight boxer. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, in the USA in 1942. His birth name was Cassius Marcellus Clay. When he was young, he was an amateur boxing champion. In 1960, when he was still an amateur, he won the light heavyweight gold medal at the Olympic games in Rome.
2) After that, Ali became a professional heavyweight boxer. He was 1.88 meters tall and his fighting weight was about 95 kilograms. He had a very successful professional boxing career. In fact, he won the world heavyweight championship three timers. The first time was when he beat the former champion, Sonny Liston, in 1964. In the same year, he became a Muslim and assumed the name Muhammad Ali.
3) In 1967 he refused to be drafted for the Vietnam War. Although a jury in a trial found him guilty, later the Supreme Court said that he had had the right to refuse
4) Ten years later, in 1974, he became world champion again when he beat George Foreman in Zaire. He became champion for the third time in 1978 after beating Leon Spinks All fought his last professional fight in 1981 against Trevor Berbick and then retired from boxing
5) Heavyweight boxers ate usually very strong but not fast, but Ali was very strong and very fast. He said his style was “to float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.” Ali liked to talk a lot and people called him the Louisville Lip.

According to Paragraph 1), when Ali won the gold medal, he was ..........

Passage 42 : Muhammad Ali

1) Muhammad Ali is a famous heavyweight boxer. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, in the USA in 1942. His birth name was Cassius Marcellus Clay. When he was young, he was an amateur boxing champion. In 1960, when he was still an amateur, he won the light heavyweight gold medal at the Olympic games in Rome.
2) After that, Ali became a professional heavyweight boxer. He was 1.88 meters tall and his fighting weight was about 95 kilograms. He had a very successful professional boxing career. In fact, he won the world heavyweight championship three timers. The first time was when he beat the former champion, Sonny Liston, in 1964. In the same year, he became a Muslim and assumed the name Muhammad Ali.
3) In 1967 he refused to be drafted for the Vietnam War. Although a jury in a trial found him guilty, later the Supreme Court said that he had had the right to refuse
4) Ten years later, in 1974, he became world champion again when he beat George Foreman in Zaire. He became champion for the third time in 1978 after beating Leon Spinks All fought his last professional fight in 1981 against Trevor Berbick and then retired from boxing
5) Heavyweight boxers ate usually very strong but not fast, but Ali was very strong and very fast. He said his style was “to float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.” Ali liked to talk a lot and people called him the Louisville Lip.

 According to Paragraph 2), Ali changed his name......

Passage 42 : Muhammad Ali

1) Muhammad Ali is a famous heavyweight boxer. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, in the USA in 1942. His birth name was Cassius Marcellus Clay. When he was young, he was an amateur boxing champion. In 1960, when he was still an amateur, he won the light heavyweight gold medal at the Olympic games in Rome.
2) After that, Ali became a professional heavyweight boxer. He was 1.88 meters tall and his fighting weight was about 95 kilograms. He had a very successful professional boxing career. In fact, he won the world heavyweight championship three timers. The first time was when he beat the former champion, Sonny Liston, in 1964. In the same year, he became a Muslim and assumed the name Muhammad Ali.
3) In 1967 he refused to be drafted for the Vietnam War. Although a jury in a trial found him guilty, later the Supreme Court said that he had had the right to refuse
4) Ten years later, in 1974, he became world champion again when he beat George Foreman in Zaire. He became champion for the third time in 1978 after beating Leon Spinks All fought his last professional fight in 1981 against Trevor Berbick and then retired from boxing
5) Heavyweight boxers ate usually very strong but not fast, but Ali was very strong and very fast. He said his style was “to float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.” Ali liked to talk a lot and people called him the Louisville Lip.

 The word assumed in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to .......

Passage 42 : Muhammad Ali

1) Muhammad Ali is a famous heavyweight boxer. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, in the USA in 1942. His birth name was Cassius Marcellus Clay. When he was young, he was an amateur boxing champion. In 1960, when he was still an amateur, he won the light heavyweight gold medal at the Olympic games in Rome.
2) After that, Ali became a professional heavyweight boxer. He was 1.88 meters tall and his fighting weight was about 95 kilograms. He had a very successful professional boxing career. In fact, he won the world heavyweight championship three timers. The first time was when he beat the former champion, Sonny Liston, in 1964. In the same year, he became a Muslim and assumed the name Muhammad Ali.
3) In 1967 he refused to be drafted for the Vietnam War. Although a jury in a trial found him guilty, later the Supreme Court said that he had had the right to refuse
4) Ten years later, in 1974, he became world champion again when he beat George Foreman in Zaire. He became champion for the third time in 1978 after beating Leon Spinks All fought his last professional fight in 1981 against Trevor Berbick and then retired from boxing
5) Heavyweight boxers ate usually very strong but not fast, but Ali was very strong and very fast. He said his style was “to float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.” Ali liked to talk a lot and people called him the Louisville Lip.

 According to Paragraph 3), who supported Ali when he refused to join the army?

Passage 42 : Muhammad Ali

1) Muhammad Ali is a famous heavyweight boxer. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, in the USA in 1942. His birth name was Cassius Marcellus Clay. When he was young, he was an amateur boxing champion. In 1960, when he was still an amateur, he won the light heavyweight gold medal at the Olympic games in Rome.
2) After that, Ali became a professional heavyweight boxer. He was 1.88 meters tall and his fighting weight was about 95 kilograms. He had a very successful professional boxing career. In fact, he won the world heavyweight championship three timers. The first time was when he beat the former champion, Sonny Liston, in 1964. In the same year, he became a Muslim and assumed the name Muhammad Ali.
3) In 1967 he refused to be drafted for the Vietnam War. Although a jury in a trial found him guilty, later the Supreme Court said that he had had the right to refuse
4) Ten years later, in 1974, he became world champion again when he beat George Foreman in Zaire. He became champion for the third time in 1978 after beating Leon Spinks All fought his last professional fight in 1981 against Trevor Berbick and then retired from boxing
5) Heavyweight boxers ate usually very strong but not fast, but Ali was very strong and very fast. He said his style was “to float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.” Ali liked to talk a lot and people called him the Louisville Lip.

Ali became heavyweight champion for the third time after beating .......

Passage 43 : Bone broth

Many food professionals consider bone broth to be a super-food that should be in stock every day in every kitchen. Bone broth is a traditional food that provides the human body with forms of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and other minerals that are easy to consume, digest, and absorb. All of these minerals and nutrients arc usually lacking in most people's diets today, leading to weak teeth, bones, immune systems, and bodies in general.

The word that in the passage refers to .......

Passage 43 : Bone broth

Many food professionals consider bone broth to be a super-food that should be in stock every day in every kitchen. Bone broth is a traditional food that provides the human body with forms of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and other minerals that are easy to consume, digest, and absorb. All of these minerals and nutrients arc usually lacking in most people's diets today, leading to weak teeth, bones, immune systems, and bodies in general.

The word lacking in the passage is closest in meaning to .......

Passage 44: Message in the e-mail

From: <ahmad.adbullah@globalconsiiltants.com>

To: <hamad.salih@ globalconsultants.com>
Date: October 28, 2013 Subject: Meeting with PR
I'm having a meeting with the public relations specialist tomorrow afternoon at 1 p.m. I need you to have five final hard copies of our updated company profile ready as well as the PowerPoint presentation preloaded onto the conference room computer with everything set up. Mr. Ali has been asked to make sure there are enough refreshments available for up to ten people. Please make sure you arrive prior to the start time, as I was not pleased when the guests and I arrived before you at the last event. In addition, make sure to bring the extra materials that I discussed with you in my office yesterday. As I will not return to the office today and will be out tomorrow morning. I won't see you until the meeting tomorrow afternoon.
Thank you, Ahmad Abdulla
President Global Consultant.

Why was Mr. Ahmad NOT pleased with Mr. Hamad?

Passage 44: Message in the e-mail

From: <ahmad.adbullah@globalconsiiltants.com>

To: <hamad.salih@ globalconsultants.com>
Date: October 28, 2013 Subject: Meeting with PR
I'm having a meeting with the public relations specialist tomorrow afternoon at 1 p.m. I need you to have five final hard copies of our updated company profile ready as well as the PowerPoint presentation preloaded onto the conference room computer with everything set up. Mr. Ali has been asked to make sure there are enough refreshments available for up to ten people. Please make sure you arrive prior to the start time, as I was not pleased when the guests and I arrived before you at the last event. In addition, make sure to bring the extra materials that I discussed with you in my office yesterday. As I will not return to the office today and will be out tomorrow morning. I won't see you until the meeting tomorrow afternoon.
Thank you, Ahmad Abdulla
President Global Consultant.

When did Mr. Ahmad and Mr. Hamad have their last meeting?

Passage 45: Cupping

1) Hijama, also known as “cupping”, was one of the treatments recommended by Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him). It is still practiced in some parts of the world and has many medical benefits. When Hijama is performed, small cuts are made at specific body sites, and impure blood is taken out. This blood is collected in small glass
“cups”. Afterwards, the body feels refreshed and energized, having been cleansed of impurities and toxins or poisons.
2) Hijama can sometimes offer relief where other forms of treatment or medications have failed. It is highly recommended in cases of lethargy and dullness, and for people with headaches. indigestion or sleeping problems. These complaints can be signs that the body is suffering from some form of toxicity.
3) A qualified Hijama practitioner must use clean instruments and utensils and perform the therapy carefully and with great sensitivity. Treatment is often performed on the 17th, the 19th, or the 21st of the lunar month. When done in coordination with a healthy diet and exercise, Hijama can give long-lasting, satisfactory results. Ideally, it
should be done at least once a year.

 According to Paragraph 1), what is one benefit of Hijama?

Passage 45: Cupping

1) Hijama, also known as “cupping”, was one of the treatments recommended by Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him). It is still practiced in some parts of the world and has many medical benefits. When Hijama is performed, small cuts are made at specific body sites, and impure blood is taken out. This blood is collected in small glass
“cups”. Afterwards, the body feels refreshed and energized, having been cleansed of impurities and toxins or poisons.
2) Hijama can sometimes offer relief where other forms of treatment or medications have failed. It is highly recommended in cases of lethargy and dullness, and for people with headaches. indigestion or sleeping problems. These complaints can be signs that the body is suffering from some form of toxicity.
3) A qualified Hijama practitioner must use clean instruments and utensils and perform the therapy carefully and with great sensitivity. Treatment is often performed on the 17th, the 19th, or the 21st of the lunar month. When done in coordination with a healthy diet and exercise, Hijama can give long-lasting, satisfactory results. Ideally, it
should be done at least once a year.

 According to Paragraph 2), Hijama is used to treat all of the following EXCEPT .......

Passage 45: Cupping

1) Hijama, also known as “cupping”, was one of the treatments recommended by Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him). It is still practiced in some parts of the world and has many medical benefits. When Hijama is performed, small cuts are made at specific body sites, and impure blood is taken out. This blood is collected in small glass
“cups”. Afterwards, the body feels refreshed and energized, having been cleansed of impurities and toxins or poisons.
2) Hijama can sometimes offer relief where other forms of treatment or medications have failed. It is highly recommended in cases of lethargy and dullness, and for people with headaches. indigestion or sleeping problems. These complaints can be signs that the body is suffering from some form of toxicity.
3) A qualified Hijama practitioner must use clean instruments and utensils and perform the therapy carefully and with great sensitivity. Treatment is often performed on the 17th, the 19th, or the 21st of the lunar month. When done in coordination with a healthy diet and exercise, Hijama can give long-lasting, satisfactory results. Ideally, it
should be done at least once a year.

 According to Paragraph 2), what is the cause of some headaches?

Passage 45: Cupping

1) Hijama, also known as “cupping”, was one of the treatments recommended by Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him). It is still practiced in some parts of the world and has many medical benefits. When Hijama is performed, small cuts are made at specific body sites, and impure blood is taken out. This blood is collected in small glass
“cups”. Afterwards, the body feels refreshed and energized, having been cleansed of impurities and toxins or poisons.
2) Hijama can sometimes offer relief where other forms of treatment or medications have failed. It is highly recommended in cases of lethargy and dullness, and for people with headaches. indigestion or sleeping problems. These complaints can be signs that the body is suffering from some form of toxicity.
3) A qualified Hijama practitioner must use clean instruments and utensils and perform the therapy carefully and with great sensitivity. Treatment is often performed on the 17th, the 19th, or the 21st of the lunar month. When done in coordination with a healthy diet and exercise, Hijama can give long-lasting, satisfactory results. Ideally, it
should be done at least once a year.

According to Paragraph 3), how often should Hijama be performed on a person?

Passage 45: Cupping

1) Hijama, also known as “cupping”, was one of the treatments recommended by Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him). It is still practiced in some parts of the world and has many medical benefits. When Hijama is performed, small cuts are made at specific body sites, and impure blood is taken out. This blood is collected in small glass
“cups”. Afterwards, the body feels refreshed and energized, having been cleansed of impurities and toxins or poisons.
2) Hijama can sometimes offer relief where other forms of treatment or medications have failed. It is highly recommended in cases of lethargy and dullness, and for people with headaches. indigestion or sleeping problems. These complaints can be signs that the body is suffering from some form of toxicity.
3) A qualified Hijama practitioner must use clean instruments and utensils and perform the therapy carefully and with great sensitivity. Treatment is often performed on the 17th, the 19th, or the 21st of the lunar month. When done in coordination with a healthy diet and exercise, Hijama can give long-lasting, satisfactory results. Ideally, it
should be done at least once a year.

 What can we understand about Hijama?

Passage 46: Miswak

1) Before disposable, plastic toothbrushes were invented, some people might not have cleaned their teeth at all, while other might have just done their best by washing their mouths with water and rubbing their teeth with some cloth or a finger. But for Muslims way back in the 6th century, dental hygiene was a very important matter.
2) While the practice of cleaning one‟ teeth with a piece twig from the Slavadorapersica tree predated Islam, it is the Prophet Muhammad – peace be upon him – who commended its regular use and had Muslims start it. The twig, called a MISWAK or SIWAK in Arabic, was described by him as a purification of the teeth and a means of
pleasing God. The Prophet himself – peace be upon him – used the miswak to clean teeth before every prayer, and said that he would order his followers to do the same, had he not at it might over-burden them.

 What is the purpose of Paragraph 2)?

Passage 46: Miswak

1) Before disposable, plastic toothbrushes were invented, some people might not have cleaned their teeth at all, while other might have just done their best by washing their mouths with water and rubbing their teeth with some cloth or a finger. But for Muslims way back in the 6th century, dental hygiene was a very important matter.
2) While the practice of cleaning one‟ teeth with a piece twig from the Slavadorapersica tree predated Islam, it is the Prophet Muhammad – peace be upon him – who commended its regular use and had Muslims start it. The twig, called a MISWAK or SIWAK in Arabic, was described by him as a purification of the teeth and a means of
pleasing God. The Prophet himself – peace be upon him – used the miswak to clean teeth before every prayer, and said that he would order his followers to do the same, had he not at it might over-burden them.

What does Paragraph 2) say about Muslims use of the miswak?

Passage 47: Camel

A champion camel can be worth hundreds of thousands of royals in price money to be owner, rider, and trainer. Also, it is important to the partly celebrated prestige and distinguished honor of having a winner.

The word winner in this passage refers to ……